BIOL 2070 FINAL EXAM 2024/2025 COMPLETE
QUESTION AND ANSWER GRADED A+ (VERIFIED EXAM)
What is the Cell Theory? - ANSWER: Cells are the basic unit of life
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
New cells are generated only from preexisting cells
What are the kinds of prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER: Bacteria and Archaea
What are the kinds of Eukaryotic cells? - ANSWER: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
and other complex unicellular organisms
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER: No nucleus
Ribosomes are free in cytoplasm
Surrounded by an envelope consisting of Inner plasma membrane, Peptidoglycan cell
wall and Lipopolysaccharide outer memebrane
How do Archaea differ from bacteria? - ANSWER: Chemistry of cell walls
type of lipids that make up their movement
range of chemical reactions that can carry out
What are the characteristics of Bacteria? - ANSWER: small, few micrometres long
invisible to the naked eye
single celled by may join together to form other structures
tough protective cell wall
cell interior has a matrix of varying textures
some do photosynthesis
exploit large range of habitats
What are the characteristics of Eukaryotic cells? - ANSWER: store DNA in the nucleus
Large
Large genome
What is the Plasma Membrane? - ANSWER: selective barrier that separates a cell
from its surrounding
What is the Plasma Membrane made up of? - ANSWER: phospholipid bilayer
embedded with proteins and may be covered in carbohydrates
What does the Plasma Membrane do? - ANSWER: facilities intra and extracellular
communication through budding and fusing of vesicles in the processes of endo and
exocytosis
What is the Nucleus? - ANSWER: it contains most of the DNA of the cell
, What is the Nucleus made up of? - ANSWER: enclosed within two concentric
membranes which forms the nuclear envelope and it is perforated by nuclear pores
What is the Mitochondria? - ANSWER: harnesses energy from the oxidation of food
molecules to produce usable energy for the cell (ATP)
How to Mitochondria replicate? - ANSWER: they contain their own DNA and
reproduce by dividing
What is the Mitochondria made up of? - ANSWER: enclosed within two membranes,
a smooth outer membrane and a highly convoluted inner membrane
The inner membrane is formed into folds that project into the interior of the
organelle
What are Chloroplasts? - ANSWER: large green organelles generally found in plants
and algae that capture energy from sunlight
What do Chloroplasts do? - ANSWER: carry out photosynthesis to trap energy of
sunlight and use it to make sugar molecules and release oxygen as a byproduct
How do Chloroplasts replicate? - ANSWER: they contain their own DNA and
reproduce by dividing
What are Chloroplasts made up of? - ANSWER: enclosed within two membranes and
also posses internal stacks of membranes that contain chlorophyll
What is chlorophyll? - ANSWER: green pigment that facilitates energy capture
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? - ANSWER: an irregular maze of interconnected
spaces enclosed within a membrane that is continuous with the nuclear envelope
What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do? - ANSWER: site where most cell
membrane compnents and materials for export are made
What is the Rough ER? - ANSWER: studded with ribosomes which translate RNA into
Protein
What is the Smooth ER? - ANSWER: no ribosomes, involved in the synthesis/storage
of lipids
Where is the Golgi apparatus found? - ANSWER: located near the nucleus
What is the Golgi apparatus made up of? - ANSWER: stacks of flattened membrane
enclosed sacs
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANSWER: modifies and packages molecules
made in the ER that are to be secreted or transported to another cell compartment
QUESTION AND ANSWER GRADED A+ (VERIFIED EXAM)
What is the Cell Theory? - ANSWER: Cells are the basic unit of life
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
New cells are generated only from preexisting cells
What are the kinds of prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER: Bacteria and Archaea
What are the kinds of Eukaryotic cells? - ANSWER: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists
and other complex unicellular organisms
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? - ANSWER: No nucleus
Ribosomes are free in cytoplasm
Surrounded by an envelope consisting of Inner plasma membrane, Peptidoglycan cell
wall and Lipopolysaccharide outer memebrane
How do Archaea differ from bacteria? - ANSWER: Chemistry of cell walls
type of lipids that make up their movement
range of chemical reactions that can carry out
What are the characteristics of Bacteria? - ANSWER: small, few micrometres long
invisible to the naked eye
single celled by may join together to form other structures
tough protective cell wall
cell interior has a matrix of varying textures
some do photosynthesis
exploit large range of habitats
What are the characteristics of Eukaryotic cells? - ANSWER: store DNA in the nucleus
Large
Large genome
What is the Plasma Membrane? - ANSWER: selective barrier that separates a cell
from its surrounding
What is the Plasma Membrane made up of? - ANSWER: phospholipid bilayer
embedded with proteins and may be covered in carbohydrates
What does the Plasma Membrane do? - ANSWER: facilities intra and extracellular
communication through budding and fusing of vesicles in the processes of endo and
exocytosis
What is the Nucleus? - ANSWER: it contains most of the DNA of the cell
, What is the Nucleus made up of? - ANSWER: enclosed within two concentric
membranes which forms the nuclear envelope and it is perforated by nuclear pores
What is the Mitochondria? - ANSWER: harnesses energy from the oxidation of food
molecules to produce usable energy for the cell (ATP)
How to Mitochondria replicate? - ANSWER: they contain their own DNA and
reproduce by dividing
What is the Mitochondria made up of? - ANSWER: enclosed within two membranes,
a smooth outer membrane and a highly convoluted inner membrane
The inner membrane is formed into folds that project into the interior of the
organelle
What are Chloroplasts? - ANSWER: large green organelles generally found in plants
and algae that capture energy from sunlight
What do Chloroplasts do? - ANSWER: carry out photosynthesis to trap energy of
sunlight and use it to make sugar molecules and release oxygen as a byproduct
How do Chloroplasts replicate? - ANSWER: they contain their own DNA and
reproduce by dividing
What are Chloroplasts made up of? - ANSWER: enclosed within two membranes and
also posses internal stacks of membranes that contain chlorophyll
What is chlorophyll? - ANSWER: green pigment that facilitates energy capture
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? - ANSWER: an irregular maze of interconnected
spaces enclosed within a membrane that is continuous with the nuclear envelope
What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do? - ANSWER: site where most cell
membrane compnents and materials for export are made
What is the Rough ER? - ANSWER: studded with ribosomes which translate RNA into
Protein
What is the Smooth ER? - ANSWER: no ribosomes, involved in the synthesis/storage
of lipids
Where is the Golgi apparatus found? - ANSWER: located near the nucleus
What is the Golgi apparatus made up of? - ANSWER: stacks of flattened membrane
enclosed sacs
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - ANSWER: modifies and packages molecules
made in the ER that are to be secreted or transported to another cell compartment
