BIOL 2600 Midterm Exam Latest Fall-Spring Verified
Exam With Answers 100% Complete
3 reason why evolution is important - ANSWER: Diversity of life
Artificial Selection
Pathogens (natural selection)
Diversity of Life - ANSWER: evolution is needed to understand all biodiversity
Macroevolution - ANSWER: - large changes in evolution
- result of small changes (mutation & changes in allele freq over long period of time)
Microevolution - ANSWER: - small evolutionary step
- can happen in a single generations
- example:: climate change is causing rapid evolution for some species
- many species cannot adapt fast enough and are at high risk of extinction
Brown vs Grey Owls example from lecture - ANSWER: - 1st graph, as snow depth
decreases brown owl survivorship increases
-2nd graph, as time increases, snow depth decreases
~Therefore as snow depth decreases (due to climate change) brown owl survivorship
increases
**this data is not enough to show evolutionary change but can create a hypothesis
possibly due to brown owl colour is less snow whereas grey was better hidden in
snow
Artificial Selection - ANSWER: - Humans selectively breed species based on favorable
traits
- ex. domestication of plants & animals
Pathogens (natural selection) - ANSWER: - new antibiotics quickly lose their
effectiveness because bacteria evolve resistance to those drugs
*this is a huge concern
How does this happen?
-Mutations
-quick generation
-bacteria that can survive have mutations that are pass on ****Antibiotics are the
selection pressure to bacteria
*This is an example of natural selection
If larger, fewer offspring in upstream sites is an adaptation to predation pressures:
a) the transplanted population should adapt in the same way
b) the number and size of offspring in the transplanted population will not change
, c) the size of the predators will change - ANSWER: the transplanted population
should adapt in the same way
Which of the following is true about
antibiotic resistance in bacteria:
a) It evolved in response to antibiotics
b) It is an example of artificial selection
c) The selection pressure is humans
d) All of the above - ANSWER: It evolved in response to antibiotics
2 types of virus evolution - ANSWER: 1 Transmissibility
- faster replication in parts of the human respiratory tract where it's easily
aerosolized
- better able to invade host cells
- survive longer in air
2 Overcoming or partially evading a host's immune response
- less important at beginning of outbreak (lower host immunity)
- becomes more important over time
(host immunity from previous infections, vaccinations)
Which of the following is true:
a) Evolution was historically important, but now is quite
rare
b) Evolution today mostly occurs in response to climate
change
c) Evolution continues to alter virtually all taxa around the
world - ANSWER: Evolution continues to alter virtually all taxa around the
world
Redi's Experiment 1688 - ANSWER: - Empirical hypothesis testing
- Before this experiment, people believed in spontaneous generation
- this experiment proved that life comes from somewhere (i.e. eggs, birth, cells)
- put lid, net & nothing on jar of meat
- only jar that flies could enter had maggot, showing that life does not just
spontaneously generate
Lamark - ANSWER: - he thought acquired characteristic passed to offspring
- was not true
Small caveat: Epigenetics - ANSWER: - changes to genome that affects gene
expression
- some traits can't be inherited
- in some ways Lamark was right
- epigenetics isn't evolution
Exam With Answers 100% Complete
3 reason why evolution is important - ANSWER: Diversity of life
Artificial Selection
Pathogens (natural selection)
Diversity of Life - ANSWER: evolution is needed to understand all biodiversity
Macroevolution - ANSWER: - large changes in evolution
- result of small changes (mutation & changes in allele freq over long period of time)
Microevolution - ANSWER: - small evolutionary step
- can happen in a single generations
- example:: climate change is causing rapid evolution for some species
- many species cannot adapt fast enough and are at high risk of extinction
Brown vs Grey Owls example from lecture - ANSWER: - 1st graph, as snow depth
decreases brown owl survivorship increases
-2nd graph, as time increases, snow depth decreases
~Therefore as snow depth decreases (due to climate change) brown owl survivorship
increases
**this data is not enough to show evolutionary change but can create a hypothesis
possibly due to brown owl colour is less snow whereas grey was better hidden in
snow
Artificial Selection - ANSWER: - Humans selectively breed species based on favorable
traits
- ex. domestication of plants & animals
Pathogens (natural selection) - ANSWER: - new antibiotics quickly lose their
effectiveness because bacteria evolve resistance to those drugs
*this is a huge concern
How does this happen?
-Mutations
-quick generation
-bacteria that can survive have mutations that are pass on ****Antibiotics are the
selection pressure to bacteria
*This is an example of natural selection
If larger, fewer offspring in upstream sites is an adaptation to predation pressures:
a) the transplanted population should adapt in the same way
b) the number and size of offspring in the transplanted population will not change
, c) the size of the predators will change - ANSWER: the transplanted population
should adapt in the same way
Which of the following is true about
antibiotic resistance in bacteria:
a) It evolved in response to antibiotics
b) It is an example of artificial selection
c) The selection pressure is humans
d) All of the above - ANSWER: It evolved in response to antibiotics
2 types of virus evolution - ANSWER: 1 Transmissibility
- faster replication in parts of the human respiratory tract where it's easily
aerosolized
- better able to invade host cells
- survive longer in air
2 Overcoming or partially evading a host's immune response
- less important at beginning of outbreak (lower host immunity)
- becomes more important over time
(host immunity from previous infections, vaccinations)
Which of the following is true:
a) Evolution was historically important, but now is quite
rare
b) Evolution today mostly occurs in response to climate
change
c) Evolution continues to alter virtually all taxa around the
world - ANSWER: Evolution continues to alter virtually all taxa around the
world
Redi's Experiment 1688 - ANSWER: - Empirical hypothesis testing
- Before this experiment, people believed in spontaneous generation
- this experiment proved that life comes from somewhere (i.e. eggs, birth, cells)
- put lid, net & nothing on jar of meat
- only jar that flies could enter had maggot, showing that life does not just
spontaneously generate
Lamark - ANSWER: - he thought acquired characteristic passed to offspring
- was not true
Small caveat: Epigenetics - ANSWER: - changes to genome that affects gene
expression
- some traits can't be inherited
- in some ways Lamark was right
- epigenetics isn't evolution
