Fresenius HD Final Exam 2 Versions Latest
Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam from Credible
Sources with 370 Questions and Verified Correct
Answers Golden Ticket to Guaranteed A+
Verified by Professor
_________________ can be defined as the movement of particles through a semi-
permeable membrane from a greater to a lesser concentration. - CORRECT ANSWER:
Diffusion
______________________ is the ability of a substance to conduct an electrical charge.
- CORRECT ANSWER: Conductivity
_________________________ is the term used to describe the movement of fluid
through an extracorporeal from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high
concentration. - CORRECT ANSWER: Osmosis
6 Steps for drawing Post BUN - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Turn of the UF and DFR
2. Decrease blood pump to 100 ml/min
3. Wait 15 seconds
4. Stop the blood pump
5. Clamp arterial and venous needle lines
6. Wipe the arterial injection port with alcohol and obtain sample.
A _________________________ is considered the access of choice because they have
the lowest complication rate. - CORRECT ANSWER: Fistula
A blood leak alarm has occurred. There is no blood visible in the effluent dialysate. The
presence of blood can be verified by testing the _____________ with a blood leak test
indicator. - CORRECT ANSWER: effluent dialysate
,A low arterial alarm sound. The staff member should look for possible cause in the
circuit form the ___________________ through to the ______________________. -
CORRECT ANSWER: arterial needles through to the blood pump
A low-level arterial drip chamber can result in _______________ entering the system
causing an air embolism or clotting. - CORRECT ANSWER: air
A major complication that can occur when the patient is dialyzed on hypotonic dialysate
is _______________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER: hemolysis
A major factor affecting ultrafiltration is __________________. - CORRECT ANSWER:
pressure
A patient begins to experience shortness of breath, chest pain, and sudden
hypotension, the blood is bright red and translucent. The complication MOST LIKELY
occurring is: - CORRECT ANSWER: Hemolysis
A patient is being observed for symptoms of uremia which include? - CORRECT
ANSWER: Loss of appetite
A patient with severe hypertension is to start hemodialysis. The patient does not have
diabetes or cardiac problems. What type of access is preferable? - CORRECT
ANSWER: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
A patient's Air Detector alarm sounds. COLT is an acronym of the four actions that are
taken in response to a patient who is experiencing symptoms of an air embolism. Define
what each letter signifies. - CORRECT ANSWER: C = Clamp of the patient venous
bloodline
O = Off, turn off the blood pump
L = Left side positioning
T = Trendelenburg
,A rise in ____________________________________ during hemodialysis is likely to
indicate clotted fibers. - CORRECT ANSWER: Transmembrane pressure (TMP)
A rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) during hemodialysis is likely to indicate
_________________ ______________. - CORRECT ANSWER: clotted fibers
Access _____________________ can jeopardize the adequacy of the dialysis
treatment. - CORRECT ANSWER: recirculation
According to the CDC, patients who are ____________________ should be dialyzed in
a separate area of the dialysis center, on a dedicated machine. - CORRECT ANSWER:
Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) positive
According to the CDC, patients who are Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) positive
should be dialyzed in a ______________ area of the dialysis center, on a
_______________ machine. - CORRECT ANSWER: separate / dedicated
Air is removed from the extracorporeal circuit before initiating treatment because it may
cause ____________ when trapped in the dialyzer. - CORRECT ANSWER: clotting
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) - CORRECT ANSWER: Indicates liver and bone disease
Always draw up lab samples from the _______________ line. - CORRECT ANSWER:
arterial
An _______________________ is defined as any time there is failure to follow
established procedures, treatment prescriptions, or an event that causes patient injury
or death. - CORRECT ANSWER: adverse event
Arterial needle and venous needle needs to be how far apart to prevent recirculation? -
CORRECT ANSWER: 1.5 - 2.0 inches
, Before the start of treatment, check that the machine's conductivity alarm parameters
are set at ______________ of the machine's theoretical conductivity. - CORRECT
ANSWER: +/- 0.5 mS
Besides potassium, an electrolyte that is commonly adjusted in the hemodialysis acid
bath is _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER: Calcium
Chloramines or bleach in the dialysate during dialysis can cause a patient death due to?
- CORRECT ANSWER: Hemolysis
Clotted fibers and air pockets decrease the surface area of the dialyzer, which has the
most impact on ___________________. - CORRECT ANSWER: clearance
Counter current flow of blood and dialysate increases the rate of
_____________________. - CORRECT ANSWER: diffusion
CRP (C-reactive protein) - CORRECT ANSWER: A substance produced by the liver that
increases in the presence of inflammation in the body. Indicates low iron and low
albumin.
Dialysis is affected by these 4 things: Dialysate ________________ Rate, dialysis
treatment __________________ Dialyzer ______________________ and Blood
______________ Rate. - CORRECT ANSWER: Flow, Time, Surface area, Flow
Diffusion can be defined as the movement of particles: through ________________
from _________________ concentration to a _____________ concentration. -
CORRECT ANSWER: semi-permeable membrane, greater to lesser
Draw POST-treatment lab samples after ____________________ and before the
patient's blood is _____________ __________. - CORRECT ANSWER: treatment /
rinsed back
Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam from Credible
Sources with 370 Questions and Verified Correct
Answers Golden Ticket to Guaranteed A+
Verified by Professor
_________________ can be defined as the movement of particles through a semi-
permeable membrane from a greater to a lesser concentration. - CORRECT ANSWER:
Diffusion
______________________ is the ability of a substance to conduct an electrical charge.
- CORRECT ANSWER: Conductivity
_________________________ is the term used to describe the movement of fluid
through an extracorporeal from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high
concentration. - CORRECT ANSWER: Osmosis
6 Steps for drawing Post BUN - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Turn of the UF and DFR
2. Decrease blood pump to 100 ml/min
3. Wait 15 seconds
4. Stop the blood pump
5. Clamp arterial and venous needle lines
6. Wipe the arterial injection port with alcohol and obtain sample.
A _________________________ is considered the access of choice because they have
the lowest complication rate. - CORRECT ANSWER: Fistula
A blood leak alarm has occurred. There is no blood visible in the effluent dialysate. The
presence of blood can be verified by testing the _____________ with a blood leak test
indicator. - CORRECT ANSWER: effluent dialysate
,A low arterial alarm sound. The staff member should look for possible cause in the
circuit form the ___________________ through to the ______________________. -
CORRECT ANSWER: arterial needles through to the blood pump
A low-level arterial drip chamber can result in _______________ entering the system
causing an air embolism or clotting. - CORRECT ANSWER: air
A major complication that can occur when the patient is dialyzed on hypotonic dialysate
is _______________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER: hemolysis
A major factor affecting ultrafiltration is __________________. - CORRECT ANSWER:
pressure
A patient begins to experience shortness of breath, chest pain, and sudden
hypotension, the blood is bright red and translucent. The complication MOST LIKELY
occurring is: - CORRECT ANSWER: Hemolysis
A patient is being observed for symptoms of uremia which include? - CORRECT
ANSWER: Loss of appetite
A patient with severe hypertension is to start hemodialysis. The patient does not have
diabetes or cardiac problems. What type of access is preferable? - CORRECT
ANSWER: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
A patient's Air Detector alarm sounds. COLT is an acronym of the four actions that are
taken in response to a patient who is experiencing symptoms of an air embolism. Define
what each letter signifies. - CORRECT ANSWER: C = Clamp of the patient venous
bloodline
O = Off, turn off the blood pump
L = Left side positioning
T = Trendelenburg
,A rise in ____________________________________ during hemodialysis is likely to
indicate clotted fibers. - CORRECT ANSWER: Transmembrane pressure (TMP)
A rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) during hemodialysis is likely to indicate
_________________ ______________. - CORRECT ANSWER: clotted fibers
Access _____________________ can jeopardize the adequacy of the dialysis
treatment. - CORRECT ANSWER: recirculation
According to the CDC, patients who are ____________________ should be dialyzed in
a separate area of the dialysis center, on a dedicated machine. - CORRECT ANSWER:
Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) positive
According to the CDC, patients who are Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) positive
should be dialyzed in a ______________ area of the dialysis center, on a
_______________ machine. - CORRECT ANSWER: separate / dedicated
Air is removed from the extracorporeal circuit before initiating treatment because it may
cause ____________ when trapped in the dialyzer. - CORRECT ANSWER: clotting
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) - CORRECT ANSWER: Indicates liver and bone disease
Always draw up lab samples from the _______________ line. - CORRECT ANSWER:
arterial
An _______________________ is defined as any time there is failure to follow
established procedures, treatment prescriptions, or an event that causes patient injury
or death. - CORRECT ANSWER: adverse event
Arterial needle and venous needle needs to be how far apart to prevent recirculation? -
CORRECT ANSWER: 1.5 - 2.0 inches
, Before the start of treatment, check that the machine's conductivity alarm parameters
are set at ______________ of the machine's theoretical conductivity. - CORRECT
ANSWER: +/- 0.5 mS
Besides potassium, an electrolyte that is commonly adjusted in the hemodialysis acid
bath is _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER: Calcium
Chloramines or bleach in the dialysate during dialysis can cause a patient death due to?
- CORRECT ANSWER: Hemolysis
Clotted fibers and air pockets decrease the surface area of the dialyzer, which has the
most impact on ___________________. - CORRECT ANSWER: clearance
Counter current flow of blood and dialysate increases the rate of
_____________________. - CORRECT ANSWER: diffusion
CRP (C-reactive protein) - CORRECT ANSWER: A substance produced by the liver that
increases in the presence of inflammation in the body. Indicates low iron and low
albumin.
Dialysis is affected by these 4 things: Dialysate ________________ Rate, dialysis
treatment __________________ Dialyzer ______________________ and Blood
______________ Rate. - CORRECT ANSWER: Flow, Time, Surface area, Flow
Diffusion can be defined as the movement of particles: through ________________
from _________________ concentration to a _____________ concentration. -
CORRECT ANSWER: semi-permeable membrane, greater to lesser
Draw POST-treatment lab samples after ____________________ and before the
patient's blood is _____________ __________. - CORRECT ANSWER: treatment /
rinsed back
