PATHO 370 TEST 2 / PATHO 370 TEST 2 ACTUAL TEST
QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (NEW
UPDATED VERSION) LATEST | ALREADY GRADED A+
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which:
A. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an identical twin.
B. There is a high rejection rate.
C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
D. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an HLA-matched donor. - ANSWER:
C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
In autologous transplantation, the stem cells are collected from the patient's own
blood and then stored and reinfused in the same patient after chemotherapy and
radiation. The use of autologous transplants eliminates the problem of graft-versus-
host disease. Transplant from a closely matched donor is known as allogeneic
transplant. In autologous transplant, stem cells are used from the patient's own
blood.
Emesis causes:
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis. - ANSWER: A. Metabolic alkalosis.
Emesis causes metabolic alkalosis as the stomach is a major reservoir for acids.
Emesis causes a metabolic acid-base imbalance as it is not related to the respiratory
system. Emesis involves loss of gastric acid and fluid and causes an alkalotic
disruption.
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?
A. Peripheral edema.
B. Redness and swelling.
C. Atrophy of distal tissues.
D. Absent peripheral pulses. - ANSWER: D. Absent peripheral pulses.
,Compartment syndrome creates an effective absence of arterial circulation to an
extremity. Swelling within a cast or tight dressing may contribute to the
development of compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome creates pallor in
the affected extremity. Acute arterial occlusion is an emergency, and could result in
profound ischemia in the involved limb.
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of
intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause
of this pain is:
A. Unstable angina.
B. Coronary vasospasm.
C. Myocardial infarction.
D. Stable angina. - ANSWER: D. Stable angina.
Stable angina is the most common form of chest pain and is characterized by pain
that is caused under conditions of increased myocardial workload, such as physical
exertion or emotional strain. Pain related to myocardial infarction is not relieved by
rest. Coronary vasospasm is characterized by unpredictable attacks of angina pain. A
patient with unstable angina presents with symptoms similar to myocardial
infarction.
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme
shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory
respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How
should you interpret your assessment?
A. Since there is not wheezing, asthma is the problem, but oxygen should be started
immediately anyway.
B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed,
so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
C. The child probably has consolidated pneumonia; oxygen should be started
immediately.
D. The signs and symptoms are consistent with asthma; start oxygen and then check
to see that your stethoscope is working properly. - ANSWER: B. The child may be
having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen
and get the doctor immediately.
The airway inflammation, edema, and bronchoconstriction of acute asthma may
occlude small airways completely, so that no air is moving, which requires
,emergency intervention. Alicia has a history of asthma rather than pneumonia.
Asthma can occur without wheezing. This is an emergency situation that requires
you to start oxygen and notify the physician.
The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of:
A. Destruction of alveolar septa.
B. Reduced inflammation.
C. Recurrent infection.
d. Barrel chest. - ANSWER: C. Recurrent infection.
Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and recurrent
infection. Destruction of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are not
complications of chronic bronchitis. Hypersecretion of mucus does not contribute to
barrel chest.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is:
A. Malnutrition.
b. Kidney failure.
C. Infection.
D. Hypovolemic shock. - ANSWER: C. Infection.
Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised patient,
because it can become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a side effect of
the disease process or the treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not generally associated
with leukemic disease. There is no direct connection between kidney failure and
death in leukemia, although kidney failure may occur as a result of treatment.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing
up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated."
B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he is
lying down, then he is probably dehydrated."
C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is probably
dehydrated."
, D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and
hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria." - ANSWER: A. If the soft spot on
the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and
gums, then he is probably dehydrated.
Checking whether the head feels sunken and the mouth is dry between check and
gums are useful assessments of ECV deficit in an infant, which is an important part of
clinical dehydration. It is true that clinical dehydration is the combination of
extracellular fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia, but it does not address the
question Mr. Worry is asking. Although the diaper information provides a useful
assessment, neck veins are not a reliable assessment in an infant. Drowsiness and
fatigue are not reliable assessments for dehydration.
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of:
A. Hypovolemia.
B. Vascular collapse.
C. Hyperosmolarity.
D. Cellular fluid shifts. - ANSWER: D. Cellular fluid shifts.
Sodium imbalances alter osmolality of fluid compartment leading to osmosis of
water from the hypo-osmolar compartment to the hyperosmolar compartment. In
brain cells, this leads to swelling or shrinkage of cells, and associated manifestations.
A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96
mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and
takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol
regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and
admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood
pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient
at this time?
A. Encourage smoking cessation.
B. Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.
C. Begin lifestyle modifications.
D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. - ANSWER: D. Begin antihypertensive drug
therapy.
Antihypertensive drug therapy is not the first intervention in a person with
modifiable risk factors. Therefore, lifestyle alterations are attempted first. Lifestyle
alterations include exercise, smoking cessation, and weight loss. Blood pressure
QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (NEW
UPDATED VERSION) LATEST | ALREADY GRADED A+
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which:
A. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an identical twin.
B. There is a high rejection rate.
C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
D. Stem cells are transferred to the patient from an HLA-matched donor. - ANSWER:
C. Stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
In autologous transplantation, the stem cells are collected from the patient's own
blood and then stored and reinfused in the same patient after chemotherapy and
radiation. The use of autologous transplants eliminates the problem of graft-versus-
host disease. Transplant from a closely matched donor is known as allogeneic
transplant. In autologous transplant, stem cells are used from the patient's own
blood.
Emesis causes:
A. Metabolic alkalosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis. - ANSWER: A. Metabolic alkalosis.
Emesis causes metabolic alkalosis as the stomach is a major reservoir for acids.
Emesis causes a metabolic acid-base imbalance as it is not related to the respiratory
system. Emesis involves loss of gastric acid and fluid and causes an alkalotic
disruption.
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?
A. Peripheral edema.
B. Redness and swelling.
C. Atrophy of distal tissues.
D. Absent peripheral pulses. - ANSWER: D. Absent peripheral pulses.
,Compartment syndrome creates an effective absence of arterial circulation to an
extremity. Swelling within a cast or tight dressing may contribute to the
development of compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome creates pallor in
the affected extremity. Acute arterial occlusion is an emergency, and could result in
profound ischemia in the involved limb.
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of
intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause
of this pain is:
A. Unstable angina.
B. Coronary vasospasm.
C. Myocardial infarction.
D. Stable angina. - ANSWER: D. Stable angina.
Stable angina is the most common form of chest pain and is characterized by pain
that is caused under conditions of increased myocardial workload, such as physical
exertion or emotional strain. Pain related to myocardial infarction is not relieved by
rest. Coronary vasospasm is characterized by unpredictable attacks of angina pain. A
patient with unstable angina presents with symptoms similar to myocardial
infarction.
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme
shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory
respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How
should you interpret your assessment?
A. Since there is not wheezing, asthma is the problem, but oxygen should be started
immediately anyway.
B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed,
so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
C. The child probably has consolidated pneumonia; oxygen should be started
immediately.
D. The signs and symptoms are consistent with asthma; start oxygen and then check
to see that your stethoscope is working properly. - ANSWER: B. The child may be
having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen
and get the doctor immediately.
The airway inflammation, edema, and bronchoconstriction of acute asthma may
occlude small airways completely, so that no air is moving, which requires
,emergency intervention. Alicia has a history of asthma rather than pneumonia.
Asthma can occur without wheezing. This is an emergency situation that requires
you to start oxygen and notify the physician.
The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of:
A. Destruction of alveolar septa.
B. Reduced inflammation.
C. Recurrent infection.
d. Barrel chest. - ANSWER: C. Recurrent infection.
Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and recurrent
infection. Destruction of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are not
complications of chronic bronchitis. Hypersecretion of mucus does not contribute to
barrel chest.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is:
A. Malnutrition.
b. Kidney failure.
C. Infection.
D. Hypovolemic shock. - ANSWER: C. Infection.
Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised patient,
because it can become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a side effect of
the disease process or the treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not generally associated
with leukemic disease. There is no direct connection between kidney failure and
death in leukemia, although kidney failure may occur as a result of treatment.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing
up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated."
B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he is
lying down, then he is probably dehydrated."
C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is probably
dehydrated."
, D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and
hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria." - ANSWER: A. If the soft spot on
the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and
gums, then he is probably dehydrated.
Checking whether the head feels sunken and the mouth is dry between check and
gums are useful assessments of ECV deficit in an infant, which is an important part of
clinical dehydration. It is true that clinical dehydration is the combination of
extracellular fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia, but it does not address the
question Mr. Worry is asking. Although the diaper information provides a useful
assessment, neck veins are not a reliable assessment in an infant. Drowsiness and
fatigue are not reliable assessments for dehydration.
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of:
A. Hypovolemia.
B. Vascular collapse.
C. Hyperosmolarity.
D. Cellular fluid shifts. - ANSWER: D. Cellular fluid shifts.
Sodium imbalances alter osmolality of fluid compartment leading to osmosis of
water from the hypo-osmolar compartment to the hyperosmolar compartment. In
brain cells, this leads to swelling or shrinkage of cells, and associated manifestations.
A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96
mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and
takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol
regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and
admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood
pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient
at this time?
A. Encourage smoking cessation.
B. Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.
C. Begin lifestyle modifications.
D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. - ANSWER: D. Begin antihypertensive drug
therapy.
Antihypertensive drug therapy is not the first intervention in a person with
modifiable risk factors. Therefore, lifestyle alterations are attempted first. Lifestyle
alterations include exercise, smoking cessation, and weight loss. Blood pressure
