NEWEST AMERICAN BOARD OF LIFESTYLE MEDICINE
(ABLM) 4TH EDITION ALL 50 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) A NEW UPDATED VERSION LATEST 2024 |
ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW!!)
Number of cancers thought to be related to lifestyle and environment. - ANSWER:
90-95% have roots in lifestyle and environment
What percentage of US adults with diabetes are unaware that they have it? -
ANSWER: 23%
How much higher are medical expenditures in US in people with diabetes vs not? -
ANSWER: 2.3 X
Leading risk factor for cancer (related to lifestyle and enviroment) - ANSWER:
Smoking (25-30% of cancers)
Food with higher combined % of saturated fats myristic and palmitic acid. - ANSWER:
Palm oil (50% is saturated fat, with the primary fatty acid being palmitic acid)
Primary saturated fat in coconut oil - ANSWER: Lauric acid (increased LDL)
Olive oil - ANSWER: Contains monounsaturated fats that may help lower LDL
cholesterol
Primary saturated fat in salmon and egg yolks - ANSWER: Palmitic acid
Vitamin that is accessible from the diet as a previtamin and provitamin in addition to
the general population not meeting the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for
intake? - ANSWER: Vitamin A; provitamin A is in sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach,
pumpkin, cantaloupe, mango, peppers. Recommended vitamin A intake is 700 mcg
RAE for women and 900 mcg RAE for men.
High calcium foods - ANSWER: Kale and chia
Framingham Heart Score (for RF of CHD) - ANSWER: SBP, total and HDL cholesterol
ratio along with age, sex, and smoking status.
Triacyglycerol - ANSWER: Lim et al. 2011 showed that normalization of both beta cell
function and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes was achieved by *dietary
energy restriction alone (very low-calorie diet).* Both glucagon suppression and
, insulin resistance are correlated with weight loss and act together to improve
glucose homeostasis following a dietary restriction with body mass loss.
Most of the triacylglycerol synthesized in liver normally will be incorporated into and
exported from the liver as part of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). *VLCD =
decrease in liver triacyglycerol = decrease in VLDL.*
Advanced Glycosylation End Products - ANSWER: AGEs are a family of compounds
that are the products of nonenzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and
proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. Roasting and broiling food at high temperatures is a
common practice in cooking. These high temperatures facilitate chemical reactions
between primary and secondary amino groups of amino acids in proteins resulting in
formation of AGEs. Research has found that *AGEs are associated with oxidative
stress and inflammation, which may lead to the development of chronic diseases.*
Increased AGEs have been directly linked to type 1 and type 2 diabetes,
atherosclerosis, kidney disease, and slow wound healing. *Form in protein-rich foods
and have been directly linked to the development of chronic diseases.*
Broiling > frying > roasting > boiling
Also consider length of time cooking and presence of moisture
WHO Sugar recommendations - ANSWER: 10% total calories from added sugars, with
goal of <5% of total calories
AHA Sugar recommendations - ANSWER: 100 calories of sugar for women
150 calories of sugar for men
USDA Dietary Guidelines - ANSWER: - mixed dishes (sandwiches, burgers, tacos, etc)
account for the type of food with the most sodium
- constipation need to increase fiber intake
Americans fail to sufficiently consume (5) - ANSWER: calcium, fiber, magnesium,
potassium, and vitamins ACDEK.
Abdominal Obesity Definition - ANSWER: Associated with increased cardiometabolic
risk is defined as a waist circumference of *35 inches (88 cm)* or greater for women
and *40 inches (102 cm)* or greater for men. The measurement should be made on
the *horizontal plane level with the iliac crests.*
Dietary fiber - ANSWER: Dietary fiber is not digested by human enzymes, but rather
is broken down by microbes in the gut, producing metabolites including *short-chain
fatty acids.* These fatty acids, such as *butyrate,* are then absorbed into the
circulation and have been reported to have several metabolic effects, including
improved insulin sensitivity, weight regulation and reduced inflammation.
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) - ANSWER: Derived from nuts and vegetable oils. EPA and
DHA can be synthesized from linolenic acid (but this is low yield).