DPT 540 - NEURONS AND GLIA EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST
UPDATE 2024
What are neurons specialized for?
Long distance and local transmission of information. Integration of information, decision-
making and use-dependent plasticity (learning)
What are the cells of the nervous system?
Neurons and glia
Oligodendrocytes
Myelinate axons in the CNS
- single cells forms myelin sheaths on multiple axons
Schwann cells
Myelinates axons in PNS
- single cell for a single section of myelin
- form neural sheaths so that axons can regrow
Functions of astrocytes
- synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters
- provide nutrition
- provide support
- form scar tissue
, - receptor for NTs
- assists with blood-brain barrier
Cell body (soma) of neuron
Maintains life of cell and receives and processes information. Contains all organelles
essential for life
- excitatory inputs are more distal to cell
- inhibitory inputs are more proximal
How might a cell body initiate behavior?
Provide an excitatory impulse or inhibit an inhibitory pathway (2 negatives make a
positive)
- removal of inhibition is just as effective as excitation
Dendrites (neurons)
Arise from the cell body, receive information from other cells (in form of chemical signal
- NT)
- some are smooth, others have dendritic spines (receive signals that have inhibitory
effect on cell)
Axon (fibers)
Transmits information
- function to transmit electrochemical impulse (AP)
- may be covered by myelin sheath (increases impulse conduction)
Axon hillock
Where decision to send information down the line occurs
Initial segment (axon)
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST
UPDATE 2024
What are neurons specialized for?
Long distance and local transmission of information. Integration of information, decision-
making and use-dependent plasticity (learning)
What are the cells of the nervous system?
Neurons and glia
Oligodendrocytes
Myelinate axons in the CNS
- single cells forms myelin sheaths on multiple axons
Schwann cells
Myelinates axons in PNS
- single cell for a single section of myelin
- form neural sheaths so that axons can regrow
Functions of astrocytes
- synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters
- provide nutrition
- provide support
- form scar tissue
, - receptor for NTs
- assists with blood-brain barrier
Cell body (soma) of neuron
Maintains life of cell and receives and processes information. Contains all organelles
essential for life
- excitatory inputs are more distal to cell
- inhibitory inputs are more proximal
How might a cell body initiate behavior?
Provide an excitatory impulse or inhibit an inhibitory pathway (2 negatives make a
positive)
- removal of inhibition is just as effective as excitation
Dendrites (neurons)
Arise from the cell body, receive information from other cells (in form of chemical signal
- NT)
- some are smooth, others have dendritic spines (receive signals that have inhibitory
effect on cell)
Axon (fibers)
Transmits information
- function to transmit electrochemical impulse (AP)
- may be covered by myelin sheath (increases impulse conduction)
Axon hillock
Where decision to send information down the line occurs
Initial segment (axon)
