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three characteristics that a metaparadigm must have
Encompass all phenomena of interest, be perspective-neutral and be global in scope.
Philosophy of work view would characterize human beings as holistic; parts are
viewed only inn the context of the whole?
Reciprocal Interaction
Nursing theory
form the foundation of nursing practice, research and education.
Nursing professionals apply theory to
describe, predict and prescribe nursing practice.
Advance theory provide knowledge base for
intervention strategies that clusters of concepts could not.
Characteristics of theory structures
A complete theory of nursing identifies the three elements of context, content, and
process.
Nursing theory element of context
is the environment in which the nursing acts occur. Describe the nature of the world of
nursing and may describe the nature of the patient's world.
Nursing theory element of Content
includes the subject matter of a theory: this comprises the stable components that are
acted on or that do the acting.
Nursing theory element of process
implies the action part of the theory. the intervention elements
In addition to the 3 elements all theories should be examined for certain common
factors
theories should be based on concepts and prepositions.
Theories should correspond with_________and __________.
empirical findings and demonstrate internal consistency.
Theory is defined as
an organized, coherent and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to
significant questions in a discipline that are communicated in a meaningful whole.
theory is
a coherent set of propositions and statements that describe (factor isolating), explain
(factor relating), and predict (situation-relating) phenomena as well as prescribe
(situation-producing) actions toward goals.
4 levels of theory in the nursing profession
Metatheory, grandtheory, middle range theory and practice theory
the levels of theory are classified based on
their levels of abstraction or complexity.
Levels of abstractions in conceptual model and theory
most abstract, intermediate level and most concrete.
Most abstract
, The conceptual model that provides the context or frame of reference for theory-
generating and theory testing research.
Intermediate level
the theory that is generated or tested.
Most concrete
the empirical research methods use to collect and analyze data.
Conceptual Model
is a set of abstract concepts and propositions that are integrated into a meaningful
configuration. Describing nursing phenomena and their interrelationship in abstract
terms.
Conceptual model are so ______ and ______ they often cannot be _____ or _____
and may not even _______.
abstract and general that they often cannot be observed or tested directly and may not
even defined.
The concept definition of each conceptual model are often
stated in a distinctive vocabulary. The same terms may have different meanings in
different conceptual models.
Virginia Henderson
based on 14 areas of nursing care, has helped to provide a scientific basis for nursing
through the development of care plans suited to individual patient needs.
Patricia Benner
Focuses on levels of skills acquisition and development which help to identify the
learning needs of nursing students and provide opportunities to help them on their skills.
Grand theories are comparatively more __________ than middle range theory
abstract
Middle range theory are made up of limited number of _______ that lend
themselves to
concepts --- empirical testing
All theories help to explain
human health behavior
Sister Callista Roy (theory)
Adaptive model theory
Adaptive model theory
is built on the conceptual foundation of adaptation. It identifies the positive role that
nurses play in the promotion and enhancement of client adaptation to environments that
facilitate the healing process.
Leiningeri theory
Culture care theory is pertinent in the current multicultural healthcare environment
where nurses are expose to diverse cultures. Nursing actions, therefore, need to be
culture specific so as to reflect and understanding and respect for the client's values,
beliefs, and practices.
Penders' theory
Health promotion and disease prevention theory. this model was developed to provide a
framework for predicting health promoting behaviors.
Theories can be classified based
on their level of abstraction