UCI BIO 93 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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smallest unit of chemical elements
atoms
two or more atoms combined
molecules
two or more elements combined in a fixed ration
compound
... are 4 elements that make up 96% of all living matter
C, O, H, N
what is the strongest bond?
covalent bond
sharing of electrons by two atoms
covalent
transfer of electrons between two atoms
ionic
what is a weak bond?
hydrogen bond
the H atom forms one covalent bond and a second weaker bond with an atom in
another molecules
hydrogen bond
equal sharing of electrons
(two of the same element)
nonpolar
unequal sharing of electrons
has a charge
(water)
polar
what is the charge of O in water?
negative
what is the charge of H in water?
positive
interactions between water molecules
(H2O with H2O)
cohesion
interactions between water and other molecules
solvent
what is the maximum amount of bonds that hydrogen can form?
4 bonds
in room temperature of water what % is the maximum amount of bonds going to
be made?
15%
when H+ concentration increases...
, more acidic
what H- concentration decreases...
more basic
affinity for water
(polar and ionic bonds)
hydrophilic
repel water
(nonpolar covalent bonds)
hydrophobic
chemical processes are sensitive to pH changes and resist change in the pH
solution
buffers
the pH of human blood is...
7.4
what are the main buffers in blood?
carbonic acid and bicarbonate
response to a rise in pH in blood (becomes more basic)
right
response to a drop in pH in blood (becomes more acidic)
left
building blocks for biological molecules
carbon atoms
how many VE does carbon have?
4 VE
how do functional groups join to the carbon skeleton?
covalent bonds
-alcohols
-polar
-dissolves organic compounds (like sugars)
hydroxyl
-ketones (within skeleton)
-aldehydes (at the end of skeleton)
carbonyl
-is acidic
-weak acid
-hydroxyl+carbonyl
carboxyl
-base
-animes
-can pick up H from surrounding solutions
amino
what functional groups make up an amino acid?
amino and carboxyl
-thiols
-cross-linking of cysteines
-stabilizes protein structure
A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
smallest unit of chemical elements
atoms
two or more atoms combined
molecules
two or more elements combined in a fixed ration
compound
... are 4 elements that make up 96% of all living matter
C, O, H, N
what is the strongest bond?
covalent bond
sharing of electrons by two atoms
covalent
transfer of electrons between two atoms
ionic
what is a weak bond?
hydrogen bond
the H atom forms one covalent bond and a second weaker bond with an atom in
another molecules
hydrogen bond
equal sharing of electrons
(two of the same element)
nonpolar
unequal sharing of electrons
has a charge
(water)
polar
what is the charge of O in water?
negative
what is the charge of H in water?
positive
interactions between water molecules
(H2O with H2O)
cohesion
interactions between water and other molecules
solvent
what is the maximum amount of bonds that hydrogen can form?
4 bonds
in room temperature of water what % is the maximum amount of bonds going to
be made?
15%
when H+ concentration increases...
, more acidic
what H- concentration decreases...
more basic
affinity for water
(polar and ionic bonds)
hydrophilic
repel water
(nonpolar covalent bonds)
hydrophobic
chemical processes are sensitive to pH changes and resist change in the pH
solution
buffers
the pH of human blood is...
7.4
what are the main buffers in blood?
carbonic acid and bicarbonate
response to a rise in pH in blood (becomes more basic)
right
response to a drop in pH in blood (becomes more acidic)
left
building blocks for biological molecules
carbon atoms
how many VE does carbon have?
4 VE
how do functional groups join to the carbon skeleton?
covalent bonds
-alcohols
-polar
-dissolves organic compounds (like sugars)
hydroxyl
-ketones (within skeleton)
-aldehydes (at the end of skeleton)
carbonyl
-is acidic
-weak acid
-hydroxyl+carbonyl
carboxyl
-base
-animes
-can pick up H from surrounding solutions
amino
what functional groups make up an amino acid?
amino and carboxyl
-thiols
-cross-linking of cysteines
-stabilizes protein structure
