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When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percent of
all adults in the United States are under some form of correctional control? -
ANSWER: More than 3%
Counting jails and prisons, approximately how many citizens are incarcerated? -
ANSWER: 2.3 million
One out of ___ African American children have a parent who has been to prison. -
ANSWER: 6
Systems learn, grow and improve according to what? - ANSWER: Feedback
Probation and parole officers state that their original decision to become involved in
this particular career field is based on their desire to: - ANSWER: Help people
Now more than ever correctional systems are in a new era of correctional policy in
what areas? - ANSWER: Financial and social change
Which of the following is the central purpose of punishment? - ANSWER: To carry
out the criminal sentence
Corrections ideally serves which goal(s)? - ANSWER: Both protection and punishment
According to the author, Corrections has a(n)_____ relationship with its
environment. - ANSWER: Reciprocal
Which of the following countries has the highest incarceration rate in the world? -
ANSWER: The United States
Which important scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional
in society, help to define norms and expectations for conformity: - ANSWER: Emile
Durkheim
As systems grow and mature, they become: - ANSWER: more complex
According to the author, which system of government divides power between
federal and state governments? - ANSWER: Federalism
, Approximately ___ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the
community on probation or parole. - ANSWER: two-third
Clear, Cole and Reisig divide some of the controversies, issues and themes that arise
in the study of corrections into two main areas: - ANSWER: managing the
correctional organization and working with offenders
The theory that offenders can be corrected: - ANSWER: faces dispute
One result of funding squabbles is that organizational turf is: - ANSWER: disputed
Because correctional workers work directly with people, they have been referred to
as: - ANSWER: street-level bureaucrats
Interdependence between staff and offenders is considered: - ANSWER: exchange
According to the text, every aspect of the corrections field raises questions that
concern deeply held values about: - ANSWER: social relations
The nonprofessional staff that works within the prison system normally possesses a
college education. (T or F) - ANSWER: False
The organizational turf of criminal justice agencies is very clear because there is no
blurring around the edges regarding the responsibility for different types of actions. -
ANSWER: False
Corrections consist of subunits, each with its own function and responsibilities. Some
examples are probation offices, halfway houses, and prisons. - ANSWER: True
People who undertake careers in corrections do so because they find the field an
excellent place to express their most cherished values. - ANSWER: True
Large corrections systems damage families and communities, and increase racial
inequality. - ANSWER: True
The following is an example of corporal punishment: - ANSWER: whipping
Jeremy Benthem argued that effective punishments prevent _____ in the future. -
ANSWER: similar behavior
Political liberals and _____ encouraged reform of the prison system during the
Enlightenment Period. - ANSWER: religious groups
The penitentiary was developed during the: - ANSWER: 1790s
By the 1900s, punishments were carried out under the supervision of: - ANSWER:
correctional staff