NURS 271 TEST 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ELABORATIONS!!
Anatomy of the Respiratory System: oxygenating the body
The function of the respiratory system is to obtain oxygen from the atmospheric
air, transports it to alveoli = gas exchange
answers: Trapping of air, O2 not able to enter, CO2 retainers
O2 in blood, diffused and carried to body: ventilation = inspiration and expiration
Respiration: exchange of CO2 and O2 at cellular level, used interchangeable with
ventilation
Major Muscles of Respiration
Diaphragm: major muscle of breathing, phrenic nerve, if damaged will need
ventilator, C1 fracture = quadriplegic = diaphragm does not rise and fall
answers: If difficulty breathing, use other muscles: accessory muscles, if using
these, they are in respiratory distress
Intercostals
Abdominals
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior Auscultation: count the respiration! too low, narcan to reverse opioid
drug
Take a deep breathe
Auscultate lung fields: listen to bases of lungs: hear fluids = crackles!, wheezing =
whistling sound
answers: if on diuretic, focus on lungs because they could have fluid right in the
bases, increased RR: bronchoconstriction = bronchi/airway narrowed = wheezing
,Desaturating, <95%: RR is fast: tachypnea, wheezing
Albuterol, Proventil: Short acting Beta 2 agonist, SABA and bronchodilator: acute
distress situation, works in the 2 lungs, dilate bronchi, get oxygen in and CO2 out,
O2 sat improves (beta 1 agonist works in the 1 heart) (SABA)
answers: How do you know it works? Reassess them: RR is less, O2 is increasing,
less wheezing? If not improving then our intervention is not right and we have to
do something different
Side effects: no side effects, rapid heart rate, anxiety, tremors: normal! subside over
30 minutes
when laying down Anterior: ventilation, posterior: perfusion
Down = more blood / perfusion
answers: See differences in oxygenation in body position: match healthy lung with
perfusion
Normal Gravitational Effects
answers: Left lower lobe pneumonia: impaired perfusion, have better perfusion on
right side improve perfusion = improve overall oxygenation
Healthy lung down better perfusion
Bacterial Pneumonia: excess fluid in the lungs, impairing oxygenating,
inflammation in the interstitial spaces in alveoli / bronchi, inhalation toxic gasses,
chemicals, smoke, aspiration pneumonia
Extreme fatigue
Weakness
answers: Wheezing, Shortness of breath
Coughing caused by fluid in bronchi and receptors/trachea
, Sputum production, yellow: purulent, blood tinged = inflammatory process from
capillary fluid and RBC move into alveoli
Fever: WBC count: 5,000-10,000, higher = infection
Pneumonia Additional Symptoms
Hypoxemia: lack of O2 in blood
Dyspnea: difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, distressed expression on face,
never leave them unattended, give O2
answers: Apnea: not breathing at all
Tachypnea: high RR
Orthopnea: difficulty laying down and breathing
Treatment for Bacteria Pneumonia, should be treated right away because of the
impairment of gas exchange and sputum = hypoxemia
Broad spectrum Antibiotic
Levofloxacin, Levaquin 750 mg x 5 days: powerful broad spectrum antibiotic, 5
doses, takes a month or more to stop coughing
answers: QVar, Beclomethasone Dipropionate: steroid, 2 puffs Twice a day, Once
every 12 hours, decrease inflammation in lungs = decrease coughing, Rinse mouth
or have candida on tongue but can become pathologic when immunosuppressed
Asthma: type of COPD, airway resistance, chronic reactive, airway obstruction,
bronchial spasms
Usually occurs early in life and persists over time
More the 19 million adults and Five million children affected in the United States
answers: 1. Have constriction surrounding airways
2. Inflammation: swelling of airways
= narrowing of airways = wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath
ELABORATIONS!!
Anatomy of the Respiratory System: oxygenating the body
The function of the respiratory system is to obtain oxygen from the atmospheric
air, transports it to alveoli = gas exchange
answers: Trapping of air, O2 not able to enter, CO2 retainers
O2 in blood, diffused and carried to body: ventilation = inspiration and expiration
Respiration: exchange of CO2 and O2 at cellular level, used interchangeable with
ventilation
Major Muscles of Respiration
Diaphragm: major muscle of breathing, phrenic nerve, if damaged will need
ventilator, C1 fracture = quadriplegic = diaphragm does not rise and fall
answers: If difficulty breathing, use other muscles: accessory muscles, if using
these, they are in respiratory distress
Intercostals
Abdominals
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Posterior Auscultation: count the respiration! too low, narcan to reverse opioid
drug
Take a deep breathe
Auscultate lung fields: listen to bases of lungs: hear fluids = crackles!, wheezing =
whistling sound
answers: if on diuretic, focus on lungs because they could have fluid right in the
bases, increased RR: bronchoconstriction = bronchi/airway narrowed = wheezing
,Desaturating, <95%: RR is fast: tachypnea, wheezing
Albuterol, Proventil: Short acting Beta 2 agonist, SABA and bronchodilator: acute
distress situation, works in the 2 lungs, dilate bronchi, get oxygen in and CO2 out,
O2 sat improves (beta 1 agonist works in the 1 heart) (SABA)
answers: How do you know it works? Reassess them: RR is less, O2 is increasing,
less wheezing? If not improving then our intervention is not right and we have to
do something different
Side effects: no side effects, rapid heart rate, anxiety, tremors: normal! subside over
30 minutes
when laying down Anterior: ventilation, posterior: perfusion
Down = more blood / perfusion
answers: See differences in oxygenation in body position: match healthy lung with
perfusion
Normal Gravitational Effects
answers: Left lower lobe pneumonia: impaired perfusion, have better perfusion on
right side improve perfusion = improve overall oxygenation
Healthy lung down better perfusion
Bacterial Pneumonia: excess fluid in the lungs, impairing oxygenating,
inflammation in the interstitial spaces in alveoli / bronchi, inhalation toxic gasses,
chemicals, smoke, aspiration pneumonia
Extreme fatigue
Weakness
answers: Wheezing, Shortness of breath
Coughing caused by fluid in bronchi and receptors/trachea
, Sputum production, yellow: purulent, blood tinged = inflammatory process from
capillary fluid and RBC move into alveoli
Fever: WBC count: 5,000-10,000, higher = infection
Pneumonia Additional Symptoms
Hypoxemia: lack of O2 in blood
Dyspnea: difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, distressed expression on face,
never leave them unattended, give O2
answers: Apnea: not breathing at all
Tachypnea: high RR
Orthopnea: difficulty laying down and breathing
Treatment for Bacteria Pneumonia, should be treated right away because of the
impairment of gas exchange and sputum = hypoxemia
Broad spectrum Antibiotic
Levofloxacin, Levaquin 750 mg x 5 days: powerful broad spectrum antibiotic, 5
doses, takes a month or more to stop coughing
answers: QVar, Beclomethasone Dipropionate: steroid, 2 puffs Twice a day, Once
every 12 hours, decrease inflammation in lungs = decrease coughing, Rinse mouth
or have candida on tongue but can become pathologic when immunosuppressed
Asthma: type of COPD, airway resistance, chronic reactive, airway obstruction,
bronchial spasms
Usually occurs early in life and persists over time
More the 19 million adults and Five million children affected in the United States
answers: 1. Have constriction surrounding airways
2. Inflammation: swelling of airways
= narrowing of airways = wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath
