PS 320 Midterm Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

PS 320 Midterm Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) should include long-term goals and short-term objectives. all the goals that the parents request. requirements for out-of-school testing. all Tier I activities that occurred before the student was identified. Assistive technology gives every student with an IEP a computer. evaluates a student with a disability without assessor bias. aides screening, classification, and placement. consists of tools that enhance the functioning of people with special disabilities. Board of Education v. Rowley (1982) is significant because it was the first case to suggest parents must be involved in IEP meetings. there is a limit to the resources that children with exceptionalities can expect. the federal government must provide funding for special programs to meet the needs of exceptional children. children with exceptionalities have a right to a FAPE. Examining whether educators have done what they said they would do for their students is an example of supervisory need. a trend toward standards based curricula. unintended consequences. a trend toward accountability. Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) are required for every student with a disability who is receiving special education services. required only for special education services that take place outside the regular classroom. required for all students. not required but can be used for special education students if the district chooses. It is considered a violation of federal law for an educator to ignore federal regulations regarding the education of children with exceptionalities. True False Most special education students are initially identified through which of the following? Hearing tests Intelligence tests Tests of perceptual-motor abilities Academic failure One of the innovations produced by the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) is the requirement that every child with a disability receive physical therapy. receive speech therapy. have an individual tutor. have an individualized education program. Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972) ruled that school systems could not serve minority children in separate facilities. children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities have a right to a free and appropriate education. children with severe hearing impairments have the right to an interpreter in general education classrooms. all students with disabilities should be educated in general education classrooms. IDEA 2004 requires transition services, which include support for the challenge of caring for aging parents. postsecondary education, independent living, and vocational training. independent living only. preschool education, daycare, and job training. Public Law 99-457 extended the benefits of Public Law 94-142 to children with severe and profound disabilities. preschool children. children with physical disabilities. children with autism. The IEP is primarily written by the parent(s). the IEP team writes the IEP together. the principal or administrator of the school the child is attending. the special educator. The Information Processing Model can be used to identify specific IEP regulations regarding children with autism. specific areas that need educational attention. which tier of the RtI model that is required. the special education referral process. The idea of educating every child to achieve his or her greatest potential is a relatively recent one. True False The placement option for students with disabilities that has experienced the biggest increase in recent decades is the residential school. the separate special education classroom. the resource room. the general education classroom. The set of procedures specified in Public Law 94-142 that allow parents to call a hearing when they do not agree with the school's plan for their child, retain an examiner outside the school system, or to take other actions is called zero reject. parental participation. the least restrictive environment. due process. The term least restrictive environment refers to assessing children within their home environment. focusing special education services on community-based goals. serving all students with disabilities in the regular classroom. providing services in a setting that is as close to normal as possible. Transition services, as required by the student's IEP, are programs that help exceptional students move from a resource room back into a regular education classroom. move from preschool placements to elementary education placements. move from school placements to life in the community. arrange for tutoring when needed. Which of the following is a true statement about the IEP? The IEP is used in exactly the same format in all school districts. The IEP does not address long-term goals for the student. The IEP addresses all areas of education that are affected by a student's exceptionality. Teachers are not required to have IEPs for all children classified as exceptional. Which piece of federal legislation provides access to services for children who may not be judged eligible for services under IDEA 2004? Education for All Handicapped Children Act American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act No Child Left Behind A family-centered model has a _____________ orientation towards the disability. pathology strengths options fixed Earlier intervention for a child with exceptionalities leads to better positive outcomes for the child with less effort. True False From an educator's point of view, identification of a student as exceptional is necessary when the student has an obvious intraindividual difference. requires special adaptations in the educational program. has a parent who wants services. has an obvious interindividual difference. In defining the term children with exceptionalities, which characteristic is most central? The child deviates from the normal population in intellectual ability. The child shows evidence of multiple disabilities. The child's deviation is extensive enough to warrant modification of educational services or practices. The child is from a lower socioeconomic background. In most cases, the influence of an individual's genetic makeup can only increase or decrease the probability of a certain outcome occurring. directly determines the development of specific behaviors. guarantees a certain outcome (e.g., alcoholism). overrides any environmental influences that may occur. Intelligence is strictly genetic and cannot be altered by environmental influences. True False Legally recognized categories of exceptionality are defined by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA). the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC). No Child Left Behind (NCLB). the laws of individual states. Most of the interventions with children aged 3 through 5 is directed toward generating more constructive ___________ interactions. interchild parent-child psychologist-child physician-child One area of exceptionalities where prevalence seems to be increasing rapidly is hearing impairment. autism. learning disabilities. developmental disabilities. Response to Intervention is a variety of materials and techniques for an "independence" curriculum that is totally community-based. based only on the use of special education instructional methods. based upon the extensive use of assistive technology. a multilevel approach of academic intervention used to provide early, effective assistance to children before referral to special education and identification. Sibshops are workshops designed for which population? Siblings of children with special needs Children with ADHD Special Educators Parents of children with special needs The Information Processing Model cannot be used in conjunction with the Response to Intervention Model. is the most useful for early intervention programs. is a model for understanding the complex way children learn. is a new service delivery model for children with exceptionalities. The RtI three-tier model is designed to provide interventions before and after formal identification. move children with disabilities quickly into special classes. serve only the children who have been diagnosed with certain disabilities. modify the concept of inclusion. The category of exceptionality with the largest number of children is Other Health Impaired. Learning Disabilities. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The major goal for the family-focused approach is to give parents respite care when needed. help parents become more autonomous and less dependent on professionals. tell the family how to raise their child. give the parents the financial support that they need to provide for their child. The part of the Information Processing Model that is the decision-making aspect is the emotional context. executive function. output function. input function. Using tiers to deliver different intensity of instruction and intervention is an example of Differential Instruction Methods (DIM). Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). Response to Intervention (RtI) Formal Appropriate Education (FAE). Which of the following exceptionalities does NOT have its own defined category under IDEA, 2004? ADHD Traumatic Brain Injury Autism Emotional Disturbance Which of the following is NOT a high-incidence disability? Intellectual or developmental disorder Emotional and behavior disorder Hearing impairment Learning disabilities Which of the following is NOT a low-incidence disability? Speech impairment Visual impairment Orthopedic impairment Multiple disabilities A child working intensively and individually with a speech therapist would be an example of which tier of the RTI model? Tier II Tier III Tier I Tier IV A multi-tiered approach that supports the RtI framework is the Information Processing Model. the Pyramid Model. the Early Childhood Model. the Behavioral Assessment Model. Although early learning is important, the brain remains equally "plastic" throughout our lives. True False An effective early intervention program is medically based a draws on the latest research. is designed and monitored by the professional with a minimal amount of input from the parents. takes place only in a specially designed classroom setting. includes developmentally appropriate practices and is intensive in nature. Children who qualify for services under IDEA must have an IFSP developed by a multidisciplinary team. the federal government. the public schools. the parents. Early intervention is designed to support a young child with developmental delays or a disability. caregivers who work with children with delays or disabilities. all of the above. the parents/family of a child with a developmental delay or disability. Educators usually believe that skills should be taught in settings in which they will be used. This principle is best applied by providing services for very young children in the home. learning center. hospital. playgrounds. Family-centered practice refers to a movement in special education that places the family at the center of any early intervention system. attempts by the federal government to define the process of decision making for the parents of children with disabilities. the desire of schools to influence parents in their decisions related to the care of their children with disabilities. the desire of parents to have better professional support in the decisions related to their children with disabilities. In general, speech and communication problems can be remediated or markedly improved through early intervention. kept from progressing through early intervention. improved only slightly through early intervention. made worse through intervention that is too early. In the Apgar test, the physician examines a newborn at one and five minutes after birth for heart rate, respiratory effort, head circumference, and muscle tone. head circumference, skin color, muscle tone, respiratory effort, heart rate, and general physical condition. heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, and general physical condition, including skin color. length, muscle tone, respiratory effort, heart rate, and general physical condition, including skin color. In the behavioral support plan, the "A" in the "ABC" model refers to the behavior that is causing the problem. consequence of the behavior. analysis of the entire model. event that is triggering the behavior. Prenatal care is care that is provided by a doctor before a child's birth. occurs immediately after the birth of a child. is very difficult, time consuming, and painful. is provided before conception. Prior to the 1930s, support for children with severe disabilities was provided in large, state-run hospital-like institutions. integrated with the regular preschool programs. largely medical in nature and provided on an outpatient basis. provided in parents' homes. Thanks to our increasing understanding of the human genome, many genetic disorders can now be detected before birth. True False The Abecedarian Study demonstrated that the quality of early child care had little impact on the outcomes for children with disabilities. True False The Early Childhood Special Education Assistance Act, passed in 1968, was designed to require local school districts to provide services for children between 3 and 5 years of age. fund services provided by local school districts for young children with disabilities. set up programs in every state to serve as models of how to work with children with disabilities. assist in the preservice training of specialists for young children with disabilities. The central task of early intervention is to provide necessary supports and services to optimize the child's development as early as possible. provide financial aid so the family has some relief from the stresses of childcare. keep the infants quiet so that the parents' lives are as normal as possible. provide respite for parents of children with developmental delays or disabilities. The data from research on early intervention programs indicate positive gains for parents and children. positive gains for children. positive gains for parents. no gains at all. The findings of the Hope/Scope Perry Preschool Study might be summarized as "preschool is helpful for children but home environment matters more." "the quality of preschool has long-term impacts on the success of 'at-risk' children." "the costs of preschool outweigh any positive benefits for children 'at-risk.'" "preschool has little or no effect on outcomes for 'at-risk' children." Without extra help in the form of therapies or educational stimulation, the child with disabilities may develop faster than normal but reaching a much lower level of functioning than possible. at a normal rate but reach a much lower level of functioning than possible. at a normal rate, reaching the best level of functioning than could be expected. very slowly, reaching a much lower level of functioning than possible. A child's environment has little or no impact on how his IDD will impact his ability to function. True False