COMM 403 Final Exam | Questions with Verified Answers

COMM 403 Final Exam | Questions with Verified Answers smile from your significant other sends a different message to you than a smile from a stranger. A secret your best friend tells you means something different than a disclosure from a stranger on a plane. The principle that explains these interactions is that relationships ______. contextualize messages The most basic requirement for defining all types of relationships is that people share ______. some level of behavioral interdependence Which of the following is the best example of symmetrical message exchange? Tom says, "Take out the trash," and Jake says, "Take it out yourself." The majority of people today meet their future spouse on the Internet or an Internet dating site. False The study of personal relationships is taught solely in communication departments. False According to the textbook, which of the following conditions define behavior's relationship to communication? Behavior is communication if it is interpreted by a receiver. Relationships emerge across ongoing interactions. True The idea that relational communication is dynamic means that communication reflects the changing nature of relationships. True According to your text, interpersonal communication consists mainly of verbal messages. False The two primary relational messages or fundamental themes that characterize a relationship are the ______ level of intimacy and dominance/submission For relational growth to produce lasting, positive results, it needs to be linear. False In the 1970s, Berscheid and Walster got "fleeced" by the U.S. Senate and criticized because they were studying _____ Love The distinction between romantic versus nonromantic relationships is based on ______ whether people define themselves as a couple Isabel stands at the foot of the stairs and yells "dinner's ready" to her kids who are upstairs. However, her kids do not hear her because they are both listening to their I-Pods. This is an example of ______. attempted communication Close relationships are defined by ______. behavioral interdependence, repeated interaction, emotional attachment, and needed fulfillment According to the textbook, research on interpersonal communication began contributing to the study of personal relationships in the ______. 1960s and 1970s Late one Friday afternoon, the person you are dating calls and asks, "So, what are we doing tonight?" You interpret this question as good thing and realize you have a partner who is always there for you. This refers to the ______ level of the message. Relational Close relationships satisfy interpersonal needs. The three most central needs are ______. affection, social inclusion, and behavioral control According to your text, interpersonal communication contains both content and relational information True The matching hypothesis refers to the tendency for people to seek partners who are extremely physically attractive. False Research supports the "Romeo and Juliet" effect, which predicts that parental interference can strengthen attraction between two people True Research shows that "opposites attract" relationships last longer than "similarities attract" relationships. False Which form of complementarity is least likely to be related to attraction and liking? complementarity in values Which of the following is one of the reasons given for the existence of the "Romeo and Juliet" effect? Individuals may enjoy the feeling of an illicit secret. People use physical appearance to make judgments about someone's inner character True People who are poor communicators are not aware that someone may communicate better than they do. This is explained by which of the following explanations? "Ignorance is Bliss" Explanation According to most research, we are attracted to those who are attitudinally similar to us because they are able to provide us with ______. Reinforcement Vivian enjoys working with Chris on class projects, and she admires how hardworking he is. What kind of attraction does Vivian feel for Chris? task attraction According to the text, Newcomb's findings on the effect of proximity on attraction were especially intriguing because they showed that proximity could outweigh ______ as a basis of attraction. Similarity Moving back and forth from one side of the dialectic to the other to manage the tension is called cyclical alternation. True Autonomy/connection is the internal manifestation of the integration dialectic. True Mike and Micky decided to have a ceremony to renew their vows to celebrate their 50th anniversary. They recognize that this event signifies a ______ in their relationship. turning point The internal manifestation of the dialectic of integration is ______. autonomy-connection Arnie and Annie are having trouble managing the tension in their relationship. Annie uses sarcasm and ambiguous statements to deal with it. Which strategy is Annie using to manage the tension? Disqualification Risk/reward is the fundamental dialectical tension of close relationships. False The initiating stage is to Knapp and Vangelisti's model as the ______ stage is to Altman and Taylor's social penetration model. exploratory affective exchange Which strategy is used the most often to help intensify relationships? increased contact Research has shown that self-disclosure in international friendships is most effective in helping develop the relationship if it is accompanied by ______. Responsiveness Which of the following is a dialectical tension that occurs in friendships, according to Rawlins? public-private When our life partner does something unexpected, we are sometimes less able to predict their attitudes and behaviors. True According to the theory of motivated information management, ______ affect how people seek information to reduce uncertainty. outcome expectancies ______ violations happen when someone's behavior deviates from what is considered right. Moral Zeke and Zelda have been in an online relationship for several months. They have decided they want to meet in a face-to-face environment. The increase in uncertainty over this event can be explained by ______. modality switching You do not get along very well with your boss but you want to make things better. According to expectancy violations theory, which of the following strategies would be the most appropriate choice? remaining civil and polite and gradually becoming friendlier over time Chris is interested in getting to know Pat. They are in the same class together. Chris gets to class early to be able to sit next to Pat. Chris is reducing uncertainty by ______. manipulating the social environment As relationships become more established, people are more likely to use secret tests to reduce uncertainty. False Baxter and Wilmot's (1985) research on secret tests shows that the majority of our uncertainty reduction techniques in early stages of relationships are ______. Indirect Prescriptive expectancies tell people what to expect in a relationship based on what is considered appropriate. True Which online uncertainty reduction strategy is most common in online dating sites such as eHarmony or ? Interactive The authors of the textbook note that people often do not publicize privacy needs directly because communicating privacy needs in intimate relationships can be difficult. What is the reason for this difficulty? Intimate partners tend to guess at privacy needs before one communicates them. As relationships develop and become closer, ______. breadth increases before depth, and valence starts out positive but later becomes mixed Women tend to disclose somewhat more than men, particularly on intimate topics True Someone wearing a religious necklace could be disclosing something about his or her religious beliefs. Someone posting pictures of their significant other is disclosing relationship information. However, according to the text, most self-disclosure is ______. Verbal The single biggest motivator leading to avoidance of a particular issue with a partner is ______. relationship protection Altman and Taylor's social penetration theory includes six dimensions of self-disclosure. ______refers to how honest or truthful the disclosure is. Veracity The frequency of self-disclosure refers to ______. how often people self-disclose People are most likely to respond to blog if it contains personal self-disclosure. True The theory by Petronio that explains how people negotiate their need for privacy is called ______. communication privacy management theory If someone's disclosure is high in breadth, depth, and duration, but is low in frequency, this is indicative of which phenomenon? the stranger-on-the-plane phenomenon There are some sex differences between men and women and how they express closeness in same sex friendships. Men are more likely to have ______. agentic friendships According to Andersen's Cognitive Valence Theory, ______ are templates that people use to help them label behavior as appropriate or inappropriate. cognitive valencers The first time Diba introduced Nathan as her boyfriend in public, it was a special moment. The word "boyfriend" is an example of a verbal ______. relationship indicator Relational closeness is the interdependence people share. True When people are accelerating their relationship into a more intimate phase, research found that ______ behaviors also increase significantly. Haptic Cognitive valence theory proposes that the process of intimacy exchange begins with ______. Behavior Invisible support is most effective in reducing distress because people do not want to feel dependent. True Interpersonal valence refers to the degree we find someone attractive. True Every time Ellen and Elliot see each other, they do their own special, unique handshake and then smile and laugh about it. This is an example of a/an ______. idiomatic behavior A highly person-centered message is perceived as appropriate, helpful, and sensitive. These messages ______. express care and concern and help the receiver re-evaluate the message Steve grew up with parents who overstimulated him, which made him defensive. As an adult, he prefers interpersonal distance, doesn't trust others, and doesn't want much intimacy in his relationships. According to Ainsworth, Steve would be labeled as having which attachment style during childhood? Avoidant Which of the following helps explain why attachment styles change? significant events such as divorce or moving to a new city Scott washes his partner's car, helps with the household chores, and runs errands. He is expressing his love through the language of ______. acts of service According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, the "passion" component is the most important of the three components. False Of the following, there are most likely to be cultural differences in how people express love through ______. the specific activities people engage in together Which of the following is a component related to love rather than liking? Motivation The models that form the basis of attachment styles are known as "working models" because ______. they are relatively stable, yet can be changed by new experiences The five love languages Chapman presented revolve around ______. gifts and tokens of affection The attachment style defined by positive model of self and negative model of others is the secure style. False Men tend to say "I love you" first in relationships. True Safe sex is an important topic of discussion for people in relationships. Which of the following statements is accurate? According to one study, 99% of college students were confident that their partner did not have an STI. Some cultures do not engage in sexual intercourse. False Since the AIDS crisis of the 1980s, premarital sex has decreased. False People who have casual sex are less likely to experience loneliness than people who do not have casual sex. True Almost two thirds of all sexual assaults occur with relational partners. True Children pick up attitudes about sex from many sources. Which of the following statements is true? Parent-child communication about sex is rare. Using token resistance in sexual situations is often confusing True Some people are only sexually active with their partner and do not engage in sexual relationships with other people until one relationship ends. This is known as ______. serial monogamy According to your textbook, the most satisfying sex takes place in ______ relationships. long-term, romantic According to research cited in the text, women sometimes fail to use sexual resistance messages because they fear the relational consequences of turning down their partner. True Online sexual searches and pornography use is a worldwide phenomenon. True Compared to heterosexual women, lesbians ______. must renegotiate sexual initiation roles What are typical behaviors in long-term sexual relationships? Women are more likely to act as facilitators than gatekeepers. Marco and Kris have just met and have been talking with one another for about an hour. At one point in the conversation, Marco grabs Kris's hand, lightly caresses it, and tells Kris how nice her fingernails are. Such behaviors are characteristic of the ______ stage of courtship. invitations and sexual arousal Few serial monogamists love each other. False Pillow talk is the communication a couple has before sexual intercourse. False Hook-ups are spontaneous, sexual encounters that lead to relationships. False The authors of your textbook report research showing that, compared to heterosexual couples, lesbian couples are likely to have ______ sex. less frequent Michael and Bernadette believe that sexual intercourse is a way of expressing love and affection as well as for developing greater relational intimacy. This implies that they have a ______ orientation toward sexuality. Relational According to research reported in your textbook, the biggest disadvantage that college students associate with friends with benefits relationships is that ______. one partner might develop romantic feelings The text book summarizes a study that compared maintenance behavior in virtual, Pinocchio, cyber-emigrant, and real-world relationships. According to this study, the amount of maintenance behavior people use is best predicted by ______. commitment level People can restore equity by changing their behavior. True Your textbook reports that rather than valuing equity, people in Asia and Eastern Europe believe that ______. resources should be distributed equally among people, regardless of their contributions Jealousy induction is an antisocial maintenance behavior. False Tyler and Brianna are best friends, but sometimes they can't help thinking about each other as potential romantic partners rather than friends. The challenge they are dealing with is ______. the emotional bond challenge Marital satisfaction increases after parenthood. False Individuals in inequitable relationships experience more satisfaction. False Ron and Pam are great friends. They have no desire to ever get involved with each other romantically; however, they do consider themselves intimate friends. According to the research on coping with romantic intent, Ron and Pam are part of the ______ group. strictly platonic Adam and Zack are avoiding conversation topics and displaying jealous behavior in public. They are using ______ maintenance behaviors. Antisocial Which of the following statements about friends with benefits relationships is false according to the research reported in your textbook? about half of partners in these relationships report feeling uncertainty about their friends with benefits relationship Which type of cross-sex friendship has been found to contain the most maintenance behavior? mutual romance An under benefitted person is more likely than an over-benefitted person to ______. be angry and aggressive Tim receives 30 benefits for every 15 contributions he makes to his relationship with Sarah. Sarah, on the other hand, receives 25 benefits for every 5 contributions she makes. According to equity theory, ______. Tim is underbenefitted and Sarah is over-benefitted A relationship can be unbalanced in terms of specific equity, but balanced overall. True An over-benefitted person is more likely than an under benefitted person to_____. be happy Which of the following was discussed in the textbook as a way of defining relational maintenance? keeping a relationship in existence Conflict is most likely to occur in the context of close relationships. False Same-sex siblings of about the same age are particularly likely to engage in frequent, competitive fighting. True The cascade of the four horsemen of the apocalypse begins when ______. one person complains or criticizes the other