TNCC FINAL EXAM 2 LATEST REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
LATEST UPDATES |GUARANTEED PASS. (BRAND NEW!!)
List four different shock syndromes that are classified according to the underlying
pathology. - ANSWER: - Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Obstructive
- Distributive
pg. 78
List three conditions associated with obstructive shock. - ANSWER: - Cardiac
tamponade
- Tension pneumothorax
- Air embolus
pg. 78-79
Name two mechanisms that may result in hypovolemic shock for the trauma patient.
- ANSWER: - Significant loss of whole blood
- Loss of the semipermeable integrity of the cellular membrane leading to leakage of
plasma and protein.
pg. 78
Identify the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock and some of the causes. -
ANSWER: - Inadequate contractility of the heart muscle leads to ineffective perfusion
resulting in cardiogenic shock. Causes include:
- MI
- Blunt cardiac injury
- MItral valve insufficiency
- Dysrhythmias
- Cardiac failure
pg. 78
Describe the pathophysiology and identify two examples of distributive shock. -
ANSWER: Distributive shock results from disruption of the sympathetic nervous
system control of blood vessel tone, resulting in vasodilation and maldistribution of
the blood volume.
Examples include neurogenic and spinal shock.
pg. 79
, What is the primary goal of the body during shock state? - ANSWER: The primary
goal is to maintain perfusion of the brain, heart, and lungs.
pg. 78-80
List the signs of shock resulting from adrenal gland release of catecholamines
(epinephrine and norepinephrine). - ANSWER: - Tachycardia
- Increased anxiety
- Compensatory rise in DBP
pg. 81
Identify two physiological reasons for the development of tachypnea during shock. -
ANSWER: - Maintain acid/base balance
- Maintain an increased oxygen supply
pg. 81
Identify early changes that may occur in the patient's level of consciousness as
cerebral perfusion diminishes. - ANSWER: - Restlessness
- Anxiety
- Confusion
pg. 82
What changes in pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressures)
are noted during shock? - ANSWER: As cardiac output falls and blood vessels
constrict, systolic pressure falls and diastolic pressure rises causing the pulse
pressure to narrow. A narrowing pulse pressure is an ominous sign.
pg. 84
Identify the four types of blood volume replacement available for patients who do
not respond to crystalloid fluid replacement. - ANSWER: - Type-specific and
crossmatched blood (ideal, but may take longer to get)
- Type-specific blood (usually available within minutes)
- O-neg PRBC's (considered "universal donor")
- O-pos PRBC's (if O-neg is scarce, this may be used for male patients because they
are less likely to have anti-D antibodies)
pg. 84
Why should UOP be used to monitor fluid resuscitation? - ANSWER: The ability of the
kidneys to form urine is a reflection of the patient's overall perfusion status.
pg. 86
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS (CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
LATEST UPDATES |GUARANTEED PASS. (BRAND NEW!!)
List four different shock syndromes that are classified according to the underlying
pathology. - ANSWER: - Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Obstructive
- Distributive
pg. 78
List three conditions associated with obstructive shock. - ANSWER: - Cardiac
tamponade
- Tension pneumothorax
- Air embolus
pg. 78-79
Name two mechanisms that may result in hypovolemic shock for the trauma patient.
- ANSWER: - Significant loss of whole blood
- Loss of the semipermeable integrity of the cellular membrane leading to leakage of
plasma and protein.
pg. 78
Identify the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock and some of the causes. -
ANSWER: - Inadequate contractility of the heart muscle leads to ineffective perfusion
resulting in cardiogenic shock. Causes include:
- MI
- Blunt cardiac injury
- MItral valve insufficiency
- Dysrhythmias
- Cardiac failure
pg. 78
Describe the pathophysiology and identify two examples of distributive shock. -
ANSWER: Distributive shock results from disruption of the sympathetic nervous
system control of blood vessel tone, resulting in vasodilation and maldistribution of
the blood volume.
Examples include neurogenic and spinal shock.
pg. 79
, What is the primary goal of the body during shock state? - ANSWER: The primary
goal is to maintain perfusion of the brain, heart, and lungs.
pg. 78-80
List the signs of shock resulting from adrenal gland release of catecholamines
(epinephrine and norepinephrine). - ANSWER: - Tachycardia
- Increased anxiety
- Compensatory rise in DBP
pg. 81
Identify two physiological reasons for the development of tachypnea during shock. -
ANSWER: - Maintain acid/base balance
- Maintain an increased oxygen supply
pg. 81
Identify early changes that may occur in the patient's level of consciousness as
cerebral perfusion diminishes. - ANSWER: - Restlessness
- Anxiety
- Confusion
pg. 82
What changes in pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressures)
are noted during shock? - ANSWER: As cardiac output falls and blood vessels
constrict, systolic pressure falls and diastolic pressure rises causing the pulse
pressure to narrow. A narrowing pulse pressure is an ominous sign.
pg. 84
Identify the four types of blood volume replacement available for patients who do
not respond to crystalloid fluid replacement. - ANSWER: - Type-specific and
crossmatched blood (ideal, but may take longer to get)
- Type-specific blood (usually available within minutes)
- O-neg PRBC's (considered "universal donor")
- O-pos PRBC's (if O-neg is scarce, this may be used for male patients because they
are less likely to have anti-D antibodies)
pg. 84
Why should UOP be used to monitor fluid resuscitation? - ANSWER: The ability of the
kidneys to form urine is a reflection of the patient's overall perfusion status.
pg. 86
