CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 2024
AND MEDICATIONS EXAM
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
Raymund is reviewing cardiovascular drugs for his upcoming exam. For a well-
prepared student, he should know that vasodilators are agents that:
A. Relax smooth muscles.
B. Are used to treat hypotension.
C. Stimulate the adrenergic receptors of peripheral sympathetic nerves.
D. Cause respiratory depression. - ANSWERS-A. relax smooth muscles
QUESTION 2
As a competent nurse, you are aware that vasodilators are used mainly to treat:
A. Diabetes.
B. Hypertension.
C. Atrial fibrillation.
D. Hypotension. - ANSWERS-B. hypertension
END OF
PAGE 1
, CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 2024
AND MEDICATIONS EXAM
QUESTION 3
For a client taking drugs to treat peripheral vascular disease, it is important to
provide health education about:
A. Smoking cessation.
B. Developing a proper balance between rest and activity.
C. Proper foot care.
D. All of the above. - ANSWERS-D. all of the above
QUESTION 4
Which of the following is a potential side effect of IV furosemide (Lasix)?
A. Drowsiness.
B. Diarrhea.
C. Cystitis.
D. Hearing loss. - ANSWERS-D. hearing loss
Patients receiving large doses of loop diuretics are at risk for developing
ototoxicity. Ototoxicity can occur with any of the loop diuretics, especially with
the concomitant use of aminoglycosides and renal impairment. Furosemide has
increased risk for ototoxicity in those with hypoproteinemia (those with nephrotic
syndrome).
END OF
PAGE 2
, CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 2024
AND MEDICATIONS EXAM
QUESTION 5
A 68-year-old client with a history of mild CHF and glaucoma is receiving IV
mannitol (Osmitrol) to decrease intraocular pressure. The nurse would monitor the
client for signs and symptoms of:
A. Fluid volume excess.
B. Fluid volume deficit.
C. Hyperkalemia.
D. Hypernatremia. - ANSWERS-A. fluid volume excess
Mannitol's osmotic effect extends to the bloodstream, where increased osmotic
pressure draws fluid into the vascular space, thus elevating intravascular volume.
Mannitol may be used to reduce intraocular pressure when given intravenously.
The mannitol is a new solute in the intravascular space, which increases the
tonicity of the blood plasma. The increased tonicity of the blood plasma draws
water out of the vitreous humor of the eye and into the intravascular space. Once in
the intravascular space, the mannitol and associate water are excreted by the
kidney. The decreased water of the vitreous humor lowers the intraocular pressure.
QUESTION 6
All potassium-sparing diuretics:
A. Are required supplements during blood transfusion.
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, CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 2024
AND MEDICATIONS EXAM
B. Enhance aldosterone action.
C. Cause hypokalemia.
D. Are weak diuretics. - ANSWERS-D. are weak diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics are not potent diuretics when used alone. They are
used as adjunctive therapy with other diuretics to minimize potassium loss.
Potassium-sparing diuretics, which include amiloride (Midamor), spironolactone
(Aldactone), and eplerenone (Inspra), avoid the potential problem of potassium
loss. But the opposite problem can occur. If potassium levels become too high, it
can cause dangerous heart rhythm problems and even cardiac arrest.
QUESTION 7
Which of the following clients is most likely to experience adverse effects from
treatment with diuretics?
A. A 21-year-old student
B. A 40-year-old unmarried man
C. A 60-year-old widower
D. A 75-year-old man - ANSWERS-D. a 75 yr old man
Elderly clients are more sensitive to the effects of diuretics. Diuretics are drugs that
pharmacologically tilt the renal fluid regulation in favor of excretion of water and
END OF
PAGE 4
AND MEDICATIONS EXAM
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
Raymund is reviewing cardiovascular drugs for his upcoming exam. For a well-
prepared student, he should know that vasodilators are agents that:
A. Relax smooth muscles.
B. Are used to treat hypotension.
C. Stimulate the adrenergic receptors of peripheral sympathetic nerves.
D. Cause respiratory depression. - ANSWERS-A. relax smooth muscles
QUESTION 2
As a competent nurse, you are aware that vasodilators are used mainly to treat:
A. Diabetes.
B. Hypertension.
C. Atrial fibrillation.
D. Hypotension. - ANSWERS-B. hypertension
END OF
PAGE 1
, CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 2024
AND MEDICATIONS EXAM
QUESTION 3
For a client taking drugs to treat peripheral vascular disease, it is important to
provide health education about:
A. Smoking cessation.
B. Developing a proper balance between rest and activity.
C. Proper foot care.
D. All of the above. - ANSWERS-D. all of the above
QUESTION 4
Which of the following is a potential side effect of IV furosemide (Lasix)?
A. Drowsiness.
B. Diarrhea.
C. Cystitis.
D. Hearing loss. - ANSWERS-D. hearing loss
Patients receiving large doses of loop diuretics are at risk for developing
ototoxicity. Ototoxicity can occur with any of the loop diuretics, especially with
the concomitant use of aminoglycosides and renal impairment. Furosemide has
increased risk for ototoxicity in those with hypoproteinemia (those with nephrotic
syndrome).
END OF
PAGE 2
, CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 2024
AND MEDICATIONS EXAM
QUESTION 5
A 68-year-old client with a history of mild CHF and glaucoma is receiving IV
mannitol (Osmitrol) to decrease intraocular pressure. The nurse would monitor the
client for signs and symptoms of:
A. Fluid volume excess.
B. Fluid volume deficit.
C. Hyperkalemia.
D. Hypernatremia. - ANSWERS-A. fluid volume excess
Mannitol's osmotic effect extends to the bloodstream, where increased osmotic
pressure draws fluid into the vascular space, thus elevating intravascular volume.
Mannitol may be used to reduce intraocular pressure when given intravenously.
The mannitol is a new solute in the intravascular space, which increases the
tonicity of the blood plasma. The increased tonicity of the blood plasma draws
water out of the vitreous humor of the eye and into the intravascular space. Once in
the intravascular space, the mannitol and associate water are excreted by the
kidney. The decreased water of the vitreous humor lowers the intraocular pressure.
QUESTION 6
All potassium-sparing diuretics:
A. Are required supplements during blood transfusion.
END OF
PAGE 3
, CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 2024
AND MEDICATIONS EXAM
B. Enhance aldosterone action.
C. Cause hypokalemia.
D. Are weak diuretics. - ANSWERS-D. are weak diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics are not potent diuretics when used alone. They are
used as adjunctive therapy with other diuretics to minimize potassium loss.
Potassium-sparing diuretics, which include amiloride (Midamor), spironolactone
(Aldactone), and eplerenone (Inspra), avoid the potential problem of potassium
loss. But the opposite problem can occur. If potassium levels become too high, it
can cause dangerous heart rhythm problems and even cardiac arrest.
QUESTION 7
Which of the following clients is most likely to experience adverse effects from
treatment with diuretics?
A. A 21-year-old student
B. A 40-year-old unmarried man
C. A 60-year-old widower
D. A 75-year-old man - ANSWERS-D. a 75 yr old man
Elderly clients are more sensitive to the effects of diuretics. Diuretics are drugs that
pharmacologically tilt the renal fluid regulation in favor of excretion of water and
END OF
PAGE 4
