NSG 522 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024 ALL
100 COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM AND WELL ELABORATED
ANSWERS (CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED
VERSION |ALREADY GRADED A+
__________ occurs when 2 or more "unlike" drugs are used together to produce a
combined effect. The effects, adverse or positive, of one drug increase the presence
of another. These interactions are typically dangerous and unpredictable. - ANSWER:
Synergistic
___________ = the opposite of a synergistic effect. It results in a therapeutic effect
that is less than the effect of either drug alone; the second drug either diminishes or
cancels the effects of the first drug. - ANSWER: Antagonistic
__________ = an interaction in which the effect of only one of the 2 drugs is
increased resulting in a pharmacological response greater than the sum of individual
responses to each drug or agent. - ANSWER: Potentiates
_________= effects from 2 separate drugs increase the efficacy or adverse affects of
one or both of the drugs and it is more predictable, and sometimes useful. Occurs
when 2 or more "like" drugs are combined - ANSWER: Additive
_______________ = a disorder of impaired deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
Considered a macrocytic anemia that may arise because of genetic or acquired
abnormalities. - ANSWER: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
High risk patient populations for developing B12 Deficiency - ANSWER: * OA*
Alcoholics* Patients with malnutrition* Strict vegans* Pt after weight loss surgery
What are some causes of B12 deficiency? - ANSWER: * dietary deficiency* Pernicious
anemia = inability to absorb B12* Gastrectomy* H. pylori infection* fish tapeworm*
pancreatitis* surgical resection of ileum* Crohn's disease* malignancy
What are the S/Sx of Vitamin B12 deficiency? - ANSWER: * GI = anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, glossitis, weight loss* Neuro = peripheral loss
of position and vibratory sensation in extremities, weakness, loss of reflexes. Late -->
spasticity, + Babinski, ataxia* Neuropsychiatric = paranoia, delirium, confusion,
irritability, dementia, yellow-blue color blindness
What education should be given to patient using an inhaled corticosteroid? -
ANSWER: * Rinse mouth after inhaler use* Use inhaled beta agonist first, followed
by inhaled corticosteroid
Beclomethasone, budesonide and formoterol are examples of what type of drug? -
ANSWER: Inhaled corticosteroid
, Inhaled corticosteroid - ANSWER: * reduces inflammation response and fewer
exacerbations
* when taken consistently, improves lung function and decreases hospital
admissions
* reduces edema and mucus production
* increased responsiveness to B-agonist therapy d/t up regulation of B2 receptors
How to taper Prednisone - ANSWER: * > 40mg per day = decrease by 5mg at a time
until you reach 20 mg per day
* 20mg = decrease in 2.5 mg increments until you reach 10mg per day
* 10mg = decrease by 1 mg increments
What are some issues with contraceptives? - ANSWER: * increased risk of clotting
* mood changes
* increased risk of CV events
* Increased risk of osteoporosis
What are some side effects of contraceptives? - ANSWER: * breast tenderness
* nausea
* headaches
* bloating
* breakthrough bleeding
* HTN
* increased appetite/ weight gain
For which Adverse Effects of contraceptives should patients contact their PCP? -
ANSWER: * severe abdominal pain (gallbladder disease"
* chest pain ( poss MI or PE)
* Headache ( poss stroke, HTN or migraine)
* Vision problems ( poss. stroke or HTN)
* Severe leg pain (poss DVT)
What determines the prescriptive authority of each practitioner? - ANSWER:
Regulated by the State Board of Nursing and state laws. Sometimes in conjunction
with the Board of Medicine and Board of Pharmacy.
What are the levels of prescriptive authority? - ANSWER: * Full Practice = no
requirements for mandatory physician collaboration or supervision
* Collaborative Practice = requires a formal agreement with a collaborating
physician, ensuring a referral/consultant relationship
* Supervised Practice = Overseen or directed by a supervisory physician
* Delegated Practice = prescription writing is a delegated medical act
100 COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM AND WELL ELABORATED
ANSWERS (CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED
VERSION |ALREADY GRADED A+
__________ occurs when 2 or more "unlike" drugs are used together to produce a
combined effect. The effects, adverse or positive, of one drug increase the presence
of another. These interactions are typically dangerous and unpredictable. - ANSWER:
Synergistic
___________ = the opposite of a synergistic effect. It results in a therapeutic effect
that is less than the effect of either drug alone; the second drug either diminishes or
cancels the effects of the first drug. - ANSWER: Antagonistic
__________ = an interaction in which the effect of only one of the 2 drugs is
increased resulting in a pharmacological response greater than the sum of individual
responses to each drug or agent. - ANSWER: Potentiates
_________= effects from 2 separate drugs increase the efficacy or adverse affects of
one or both of the drugs and it is more predictable, and sometimes useful. Occurs
when 2 or more "like" drugs are combined - ANSWER: Additive
_______________ = a disorder of impaired deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
Considered a macrocytic anemia that may arise because of genetic or acquired
abnormalities. - ANSWER: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
High risk patient populations for developing B12 Deficiency - ANSWER: * OA*
Alcoholics* Patients with malnutrition* Strict vegans* Pt after weight loss surgery
What are some causes of B12 deficiency? - ANSWER: * dietary deficiency* Pernicious
anemia = inability to absorb B12* Gastrectomy* H. pylori infection* fish tapeworm*
pancreatitis* surgical resection of ileum* Crohn's disease* malignancy
What are the S/Sx of Vitamin B12 deficiency? - ANSWER: * GI = anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, glossitis, weight loss* Neuro = peripheral loss
of position and vibratory sensation in extremities, weakness, loss of reflexes. Late -->
spasticity, + Babinski, ataxia* Neuropsychiatric = paranoia, delirium, confusion,
irritability, dementia, yellow-blue color blindness
What education should be given to patient using an inhaled corticosteroid? -
ANSWER: * Rinse mouth after inhaler use* Use inhaled beta agonist first, followed
by inhaled corticosteroid
Beclomethasone, budesonide and formoterol are examples of what type of drug? -
ANSWER: Inhaled corticosteroid
, Inhaled corticosteroid - ANSWER: * reduces inflammation response and fewer
exacerbations
* when taken consistently, improves lung function and decreases hospital
admissions
* reduces edema and mucus production
* increased responsiveness to B-agonist therapy d/t up regulation of B2 receptors
How to taper Prednisone - ANSWER: * > 40mg per day = decrease by 5mg at a time
until you reach 20 mg per day
* 20mg = decrease in 2.5 mg increments until you reach 10mg per day
* 10mg = decrease by 1 mg increments
What are some issues with contraceptives? - ANSWER: * increased risk of clotting
* mood changes
* increased risk of CV events
* Increased risk of osteoporosis
What are some side effects of contraceptives? - ANSWER: * breast tenderness
* nausea
* headaches
* bloating
* breakthrough bleeding
* HTN
* increased appetite/ weight gain
For which Adverse Effects of contraceptives should patients contact their PCP? -
ANSWER: * severe abdominal pain (gallbladder disease"
* chest pain ( poss MI or PE)
* Headache ( poss stroke, HTN or migraine)
* Vision problems ( poss. stroke or HTN)
* Severe leg pain (poss DVT)
What determines the prescriptive authority of each practitioner? - ANSWER:
Regulated by the State Board of Nursing and state laws. Sometimes in conjunction
with the Board of Medicine and Board of Pharmacy.
What are the levels of prescriptive authority? - ANSWER: * Full Practice = no
requirements for mandatory physician collaboration or supervision
* Collaborative Practice = requires a formal agreement with a collaborating
physician, ensuring a referral/consultant relationship
* Supervised Practice = Overseen or directed by a supervisory physician
* Delegated Practice = prescription writing is a delegated medical act
