ATI MED SURG CARDIOVASULAR SYSTEM EXAM
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS (FULL REVISED EXAM) LATEST
UPDATES |GUARANTEED SUCCESS A+
what are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system - ANSWER: 1. blood
2. blood vessels
3. heart
what are the 3 functions of the cardiovascular system - ANSWER: 1. transports
2. protection
3. regulation
what does the blood transport - ANSWER: gases, nutrients, waste, regulatory
molecules (hormones, enzymes) and processed molecules (proteins, lipids, carbs,
etc.)
how many beats/min does the heart pump on average - ANSWER: 75 beats/min
what are the 4 functions of the heart - ANSWER: 1. pump blood
2. route blood
3. regulate blood supply
4. has one way flow
what is the heart protected by - ANSWER: 1. rib cage
2. protective membranes
3. fluids
where in the body is the heart located - ANSWER: in the mediastinum of the thoracic
cavity
sits towards the left lung, the gap in the left lung is called the cardiac notch
how can the heart be described - ANSWER: like a blunt cone
the pointed end of the heart is called the apex and the rounded part of the heart is
called the base
what is the double-layered sac that surrounds the heart called - ANSWER: the
pericardial sac
what are the layers of the pericardial sac - ANSWER: 1. fibrous pericardium
a tough fibrous CT that surrounds the outer layer of the heart and prevents
overfilling of blood and acts as an anchor to ajoining tissue
, 2. serous pericardium
a thin transparent inner layer and is subdivided into 2 parts 1. parietal pericardium
that lines the fibrous outer layer and 2. visceral pericardium covers the hearts.
surface
what does the heart look like when looking at the anterior side - ANSWER: see large
vessels (aorta & pulmonary trunk) and a depression in the heart called the sulcus
what does the heart look like when looking at the posterior side - ANSWER: lots of
little vessels and the atrial wall
where are the Sulci (the depression) located - ANSWER: 1. between the atria and
ventricles called coronary sulcus (separates the atrium from the ventricles)
2. anterior interventricular sulcus seperates ventricles on the anterior side
3. posterior interventricular sulcus seperates ventricles on posterior side
where is the pericardial fat located - ANSWER: between visceral and parietal
pericardium
where is epicardial fat located - ANSWER: between epicardium and myocardium
what are the 3 layers of tissue on the heart wall - ANSWER: 1. epicardium (outer
layer)
2. myocardium
3. endocardium (inner layer)
describe the myocardium - ANSWER: - thickest later
- cardiac muscle cells that allows contraction
describe epicardium - ANSWER: - a serous membrane
- smooth outer surface
- contains epicardial fat
- simple squamous epithelium
describe endocardium - ANSWER: - smooth inner surface
- simple squamous
- covers valve surface
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS (FULL REVISED EXAM) LATEST
UPDATES |GUARANTEED SUCCESS A+
what are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system - ANSWER: 1. blood
2. blood vessels
3. heart
what are the 3 functions of the cardiovascular system - ANSWER: 1. transports
2. protection
3. regulation
what does the blood transport - ANSWER: gases, nutrients, waste, regulatory
molecules (hormones, enzymes) and processed molecules (proteins, lipids, carbs,
etc.)
how many beats/min does the heart pump on average - ANSWER: 75 beats/min
what are the 4 functions of the heart - ANSWER: 1. pump blood
2. route blood
3. regulate blood supply
4. has one way flow
what is the heart protected by - ANSWER: 1. rib cage
2. protective membranes
3. fluids
where in the body is the heart located - ANSWER: in the mediastinum of the thoracic
cavity
sits towards the left lung, the gap in the left lung is called the cardiac notch
how can the heart be described - ANSWER: like a blunt cone
the pointed end of the heart is called the apex and the rounded part of the heart is
called the base
what is the double-layered sac that surrounds the heart called - ANSWER: the
pericardial sac
what are the layers of the pericardial sac - ANSWER: 1. fibrous pericardium
a tough fibrous CT that surrounds the outer layer of the heart and prevents
overfilling of blood and acts as an anchor to ajoining tissue
, 2. serous pericardium
a thin transparent inner layer and is subdivided into 2 parts 1. parietal pericardium
that lines the fibrous outer layer and 2. visceral pericardium covers the hearts.
surface
what does the heart look like when looking at the anterior side - ANSWER: see large
vessels (aorta & pulmonary trunk) and a depression in the heart called the sulcus
what does the heart look like when looking at the posterior side - ANSWER: lots of
little vessels and the atrial wall
where are the Sulci (the depression) located - ANSWER: 1. between the atria and
ventricles called coronary sulcus (separates the atrium from the ventricles)
2. anterior interventricular sulcus seperates ventricles on the anterior side
3. posterior interventricular sulcus seperates ventricles on posterior side
where is the pericardial fat located - ANSWER: between visceral and parietal
pericardium
where is epicardial fat located - ANSWER: between epicardium and myocardium
what are the 3 layers of tissue on the heart wall - ANSWER: 1. epicardium (outer
layer)
2. myocardium
3. endocardium (inner layer)
describe the myocardium - ANSWER: - thickest later
- cardiac muscle cells that allows contraction
describe epicardium - ANSWER: - a serous membrane
- smooth outer surface
- contains epicardial fat
- simple squamous epithelium
describe endocardium - ANSWER: - smooth inner surface
- simple squamous
- covers valve surface
