LATEST 2024 CRITICAL CARE NURSING EXAM WITH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) A NEW
UPDATED VERSION 2024 |GUARANTEED SUCCESS A+
What are the three types of angina? - ANSWER: 1. Stable
2. Unstable
3. Prinzmetal's/Variant
What is stable angina? - ANSWER: Excerise induced chest pain relieved by rest or
nitroglycerin (non-emergent)
What is unstable angina? - ANSWER: Chest pain that occurs at rest. Symptoms more
significant (emergent, call 911 right away)
What is Prinzmetal's angina? What is the patient at risk for? - ANSWER: Spasms of
coronary arteries that occur at rest.
High risk for ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden cardiac death
Where is the myocardial oxygen supplied from? What are 2 things that can affect
oxygen supply? - ANSWER: Coronary vessels
1. Blockage (atherosclerosis) & 2. Vasospasm's
What are 4 things that can affect oxygen demand of the coronary vessels? -
ANSWER: 1. HR
2. Preload
3. After-load
4. Contractility
What is the 4 step process for treating classic angina? - ANSWER: 1. Nitrates
2. Nitrates & beta blockers
3. Nitrates, beta blockers, & calcium channel blockers
4. Coronary artery bypass graft
What is the 3 step process for treating prinzmetal's angina? - ANSWER: 1. Nitrates
OR calcium channel blockers
2. Nitrates & calcium channel blockers
3. Coronary artery bypass graft
Why are beta blockers not given to treat prinzmetals angina? - ANSWER: Can drop
BP which can worsen spasms
A myocardial infarction is ____ of the myocardial cells, _____ is the most common
cause, and ___ of the heart effects the outcome - ANSWER: 1. Necrosis (irreversible)
2. Atherosclerosis
,3. Location
What vessel is responsible for infarctions on the anterior and antero-septal sides of
the heart? - ANSWER: Left anterior descending (LAD)
Highest mortality (widow maker)
Which 2 vessels are responsible for the infarctions on the inferior & posterior sides
of the heart? - ANSWER: Right coronary artery (RCA) or Left circumflex
What vessel is responsible for the infarctions on the lateral side of the heart? -
ANSWER: Left circumflex
What is an transmural infarction? - ANSWER: STEMI
Infraction involving all 3 layers of the heart
What is an subendocardial and subepicardial infarct? - ANSWER: NSTEMI
1. Affecting the endocardium (outer) and partial wall of myocardium
2. Affecting the epicardium (inner) and partial wall of myocardium
What is the number one atypical symptom of an acute MI? - ANSWER: Unexplained
dyspnea
What is the PQRST assessment stand for? - ANSWER: Precipitation, Quality,
Radiation, Severity, & Time
What is the main purpose of a 12 lead EKG? - ANSWER: Looking at the heart from
different views. The different leads are telling about the different surfaces of the
heart
When would a 18 lead EKG be used? - ANSWER: If a right sided MI is suspected
Which lead indicates the location of the infarction? - ANSWER: V lead
If there is ST elevation where should the leads be placed? - ANSWER: Over the area
of infraction
If there is no ST elevation or suspected ischemia which 2 leads are used? - ANSWER:
V3 and III ( Double 3's)
If there is ST elevation, what kind of MI is suspected? - ANSWER: STEMI
If there is ST depression, what kind of MI is suspected? - ANSWER: Non-STEMI
What 3 EKG changes are seen in a STEMI's? - ANSWER: 1. ST elevation
2. New LBBB
3. Pathological Q waves
, What 2 EKG changes are seen in a Non-STEMI? - ANSWER: 1. ST depression
2. T wave inversion
What is the cardiac marker myoglobin used for when diagnosing MI's? - ANSWER:
Used a rule out for any ACS
Can be a false positive bc present in all muscles
What is the cardiac marker troponin used for when diagnosing MI's? - ANSWER:
Used to see if any damage to the heart
Has a quick onset & long duration
What is cardiac marker CPK-MB used for when diagnosing MI's? - ANSWER: Used
because it is specific to the heart but only last about 24 hours to test for damage
Which 2 lab tests are most accurate to diagnosis acute MI? - ANSWER: Troponin &
CPK-MB
Which diagnostic test is MOST important in a patient workup for ACS who delayed
ER for 24 hr? - ANSWER: Troponin
What 2 inflammatory makers are used to look for ACS inflammation? - ANSWER: 1.
WBC's
2. CRP (C reactive protein)
What hemodynamic marker is used as indication of elevated muscle stretch and
seen in CHF? What is the normal value? - ANSWER: BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)
<100
What CAD screening tool is a predictor of morbidity/mortality of CV event? What are
the 3 primary prevention treatments? - ANSWER: Homocysteine
Increase intake of B6, B12, & folate
What is the treatment window for a patient having chest pain? - ANSWER: 12 hours
In what order should MONA be received related to treatment of an acute MI? -
ANSWER: 1. Oxygen 2. Nitro 3. Morphine 4. Aspirin
Why is morphine the choice narcotic analgesic for ACS? - ANSWER: Lowers preload
(venous dilation)
When is the best time to do a 12 lead EKG? - ANSWER: During chest pain
What 2 medications are given to lower demand/de-stress the heart during chest
pain? - ANSWER: 1. Beta blockers
2. Calcium channel blockers
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) A NEW
UPDATED VERSION 2024 |GUARANTEED SUCCESS A+
What are the three types of angina? - ANSWER: 1. Stable
2. Unstable
3. Prinzmetal's/Variant
What is stable angina? - ANSWER: Excerise induced chest pain relieved by rest or
nitroglycerin (non-emergent)
What is unstable angina? - ANSWER: Chest pain that occurs at rest. Symptoms more
significant (emergent, call 911 right away)
What is Prinzmetal's angina? What is the patient at risk for? - ANSWER: Spasms of
coronary arteries that occur at rest.
High risk for ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden cardiac death
Where is the myocardial oxygen supplied from? What are 2 things that can affect
oxygen supply? - ANSWER: Coronary vessels
1. Blockage (atherosclerosis) & 2. Vasospasm's
What are 4 things that can affect oxygen demand of the coronary vessels? -
ANSWER: 1. HR
2. Preload
3. After-load
4. Contractility
What is the 4 step process for treating classic angina? - ANSWER: 1. Nitrates
2. Nitrates & beta blockers
3. Nitrates, beta blockers, & calcium channel blockers
4. Coronary artery bypass graft
What is the 3 step process for treating prinzmetal's angina? - ANSWER: 1. Nitrates
OR calcium channel blockers
2. Nitrates & calcium channel blockers
3. Coronary artery bypass graft
Why are beta blockers not given to treat prinzmetals angina? - ANSWER: Can drop
BP which can worsen spasms
A myocardial infarction is ____ of the myocardial cells, _____ is the most common
cause, and ___ of the heart effects the outcome - ANSWER: 1. Necrosis (irreversible)
2. Atherosclerosis
,3. Location
What vessel is responsible for infarctions on the anterior and antero-septal sides of
the heart? - ANSWER: Left anterior descending (LAD)
Highest mortality (widow maker)
Which 2 vessels are responsible for the infarctions on the inferior & posterior sides
of the heart? - ANSWER: Right coronary artery (RCA) or Left circumflex
What vessel is responsible for the infarctions on the lateral side of the heart? -
ANSWER: Left circumflex
What is an transmural infarction? - ANSWER: STEMI
Infraction involving all 3 layers of the heart
What is an subendocardial and subepicardial infarct? - ANSWER: NSTEMI
1. Affecting the endocardium (outer) and partial wall of myocardium
2. Affecting the epicardium (inner) and partial wall of myocardium
What is the number one atypical symptom of an acute MI? - ANSWER: Unexplained
dyspnea
What is the PQRST assessment stand for? - ANSWER: Precipitation, Quality,
Radiation, Severity, & Time
What is the main purpose of a 12 lead EKG? - ANSWER: Looking at the heart from
different views. The different leads are telling about the different surfaces of the
heart
When would a 18 lead EKG be used? - ANSWER: If a right sided MI is suspected
Which lead indicates the location of the infarction? - ANSWER: V lead
If there is ST elevation where should the leads be placed? - ANSWER: Over the area
of infraction
If there is no ST elevation or suspected ischemia which 2 leads are used? - ANSWER:
V3 and III ( Double 3's)
If there is ST elevation, what kind of MI is suspected? - ANSWER: STEMI
If there is ST depression, what kind of MI is suspected? - ANSWER: Non-STEMI
What 3 EKG changes are seen in a STEMI's? - ANSWER: 1. ST elevation
2. New LBBB
3. Pathological Q waves
, What 2 EKG changes are seen in a Non-STEMI? - ANSWER: 1. ST depression
2. T wave inversion
What is the cardiac marker myoglobin used for when diagnosing MI's? - ANSWER:
Used a rule out for any ACS
Can be a false positive bc present in all muscles
What is the cardiac marker troponin used for when diagnosing MI's? - ANSWER:
Used to see if any damage to the heart
Has a quick onset & long duration
What is cardiac marker CPK-MB used for when diagnosing MI's? - ANSWER: Used
because it is specific to the heart but only last about 24 hours to test for damage
Which 2 lab tests are most accurate to diagnosis acute MI? - ANSWER: Troponin &
CPK-MB
Which diagnostic test is MOST important in a patient workup for ACS who delayed
ER for 24 hr? - ANSWER: Troponin
What 2 inflammatory makers are used to look for ACS inflammation? - ANSWER: 1.
WBC's
2. CRP (C reactive protein)
What hemodynamic marker is used as indication of elevated muscle stretch and
seen in CHF? What is the normal value? - ANSWER: BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)
<100
What CAD screening tool is a predictor of morbidity/mortality of CV event? What are
the 3 primary prevention treatments? - ANSWER: Homocysteine
Increase intake of B6, B12, & folate
What is the treatment window for a patient having chest pain? - ANSWER: 12 hours
In what order should MONA be received related to treatment of an acute MI? -
ANSWER: 1. Oxygen 2. Nitro 3. Morphine 4. Aspirin
Why is morphine the choice narcotic analgesic for ACS? - ANSWER: Lowers preload
(venous dilation)
When is the best time to do a 12 lead EKG? - ANSWER: During chest pain
What 2 medications are given to lower demand/de-stress the heart during chest
pain? - ANSWER: 1. Beta blockers
2. Calcium channel blockers
