NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE FALL HESI HEALTH ASSESSMENT

NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE FALL HESI HEALTH ASSESSMENT
/ HESI HEALTH ASSESSMENT NIGHTINGALE COLLEGE
FALL (A NEW UPDATED VERSION 2024/2025) ACTUAL
TEST COMPLETE REAL TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |
GUARANTEED PASS A+ (REVISED EXAM

Pathophysiology - ANSWER: The study of the underlying changes in body physiology
(molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or injury.

Pathology - ANSWER: The investigation of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and
organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.

Diagnosis - ANSWER: The naming or identification of a disease - is made from an
evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and symptoms,
health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging.

Etiology - ANSWER: The study of the CAUSE of disease

Epidemiology - ANSWER: The study of tracking patterns or disease occurrence and
transmission among populations and by geographic areas

Nucleus - ANSWER: Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and
metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary
information

Cytoplasm - ANSWER: An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical reaction. It
provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of
the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the
cytoplasm of a cell.

Ribosomes - ANSWER: Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER: Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of
protein and lipid components of most organelles. A new role is sensing cellular
stress.

Golgi apparatus - ANSWER: Responsible for processing and packaging proteins onto
secretory vesicles that break away from the complex and migrate to various
intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma membrane.

Lysosomes - ANSWER: Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular substances to
their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars).

, Peroxisomes - ANSWER: Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen
peroxide, and other harmful chemicals

Mitochondria - ANSWER: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production

Cytoskeleton - ANSWER: Network of protein filaments within some cells that helps
the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

Plasma Membrane - ANSWER: The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts
as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.

Signaling processes - ANSWER: 1. They display plasma membrane-bound signaling
molecules (receptors) that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical
contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to
enter the cell to bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate the activities
of adjacent cells

Adaptive cellular mechanism - Atrophy: - ANSWER: Decrease in cell size

Adaptive cellular mechanism - Hypertrophy: - ANSWER: Increase in cell size

Adaptive cellular mechanism - Hyperplasia: - ANSWER: Increase in cell number

Adaptive cellular mechanism - Metaplasia: - ANSWER: Reversible replacement of one
mature cell type by another, less mature cell type or a change in cell phenotype

Adaptive cellular mechanism - Dysplasia: - ANSWER: Deranged cellular growth, is not
considered a true cellular adaptation but rather atypical hyperplasia

Dominant and recessive - ANSWER: Dominant: The allele whose effects are
observable

Recessive: The allele whose effects are hidden

DNA - ANSWER: Directs the synthesis of all the body's proteins

DNA Structure - 3 basic components: - ANSWER: 1. The five-carbon monosaccharide
deoxyribose

2. A phosphate molecule

3. Four types of nitrogenous bases