,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biochemistry 1st Edition Miesfeld
Chapter 2: Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes
Learning Objectives
2.1 Energy Conversion in Biological Systems 2.2 Water Is Critical for Life Processes
2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on 2.2.a. Identify hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond
Earth. acceptors.
2.1.b. Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs. 2.2.b. Describe how an antifreeze protein functions.
2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in 2.2.c. Differentiate among hydrogen bonds, ionic
biological systems. interactions, and van der Waals interactions.
2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings. 2.2.d. State the concept of the hydrophobic effect and how
it impacts protein folding.
2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated
systems. 2.2.e. Explain the impacts of hypotonic, isotonic, and
hypertonic solutions on cells.
2.1.f. Explain the first law of thermodynamics as it applies
to biological systems. 2.2.f. Identify the important aspects of plant, fungi, and
bacterial cells that allow them to survive in a hypotonic
2.1.g. Differentiate between endothermic and exothermic environment.
reactions.
2.2.g. Calculate the concentration of H+ or OH– given the
2.1.h. State the second law of thermodynamics as it applies OH– or H+ concentration.
to biological systems.
2.2.h. Relate pH to the concentration of H+ or OH–.
2.1.i. Explain the concept of entropy and its role in
biological systems. 2.2.i. Differentiate between weak acids and strong acids
and between weak bases and strong bases.
2.1.j. Define Gibbs free energy, its relation to enthalpy and
entropy, and its relation to equilibrium. 2.2.j. Relate pH to pKa using the Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation.
2.1.k. Identify the impacts of enthalpy, entropy, and
temperature on free energy. 2.3 Cell Membranes Function as Selective Hydrophobic
Barriers
2.1.l. Differentiate between standard state condition and the
biochemical standard state. 2.3.a. Identify the characteristics of a phospholipid that
contribute to membrane formation.
2.1.m. Differentiate between exergonic and endergonic
reactions and explain how such reactions are coupled in 2.3.b. Relate the degree of saturation in phospholipids to
biological systems. the fluidity of the membrane.
2.1.n. Identify the characteristics of the ATP molecule 2.3.c. Explain the various ways cholesterol impacts
that provide such a large standard free energy change for membrane structure.
phosphoanhydride bond cleavage.
2.3.d. Differentiate among the different types of membranes
2.1.o. Describe the relationship between energy charge and found in a eukaryotic cell.
concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP.
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biochemistry 1st Edition Miesfeld
Chapter 2: Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Energy conversion in living systems is required for what three types of work?
a. osmotic work, chemical work, mechanical work
b. osmotic work, chemical work, potential work
c. kinetic work, chemical work, mechanical work
d. osmotic work, photosynthetic work, mechanical work
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
MSC: Remembering
2. What chemical process is able to take place in the presence of solar energy?
a. anaerobic respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. hydrogenation
d. hydrolysis
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
MSC: Remembering
3. Which of the following is the correct solar energy reaction that takes place on the sun?
a. 4 He → 4 He
b. 4 He → 4 He
c. 4 H → 4 He
d. 4 H → 4 H
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
MSC: Understanding
4. What is the final molecule made from the oxidation of H2 O by solar energy?
a. ozone
b. glucose
c. fructose
d. carbon dioxide
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in biological systems.
MSC: Understanding
5. The difference between an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction is that oxidation is the
__________ and reduction is the __________.
a. loss of electrons; gain of electrons
b. gain of electrons; loss of electrons
c. loss of protons; gain of protons
d. gain of protons; loss of protons
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in biological systems.
MSC: Analyzing
1
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, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biochemistry 1st Edition Miesfeld
6. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between an ice cube melting on the
table and the air surrounding it?
a. The ice cube is the system and the air is the surroundings.
b. The air is the system and the ice cube is the surroundings.
c. The ice cube is the system and only the air is the universe.
d. The air is the system and only the ice cube is the universe.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings.
MSC: Evaluating
7. Which of the following is an example of a system?
a. the universe
b. the air
c. a test tube with reaction components
d. outer space
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings.
MSC: Understanding
8. A hot pack on your arm is an example of what kind of system?
a. open
b. closed
c. isolated
d. surroundings
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated systems.
MSC: Applying
9. Which of the following best describes an open system?
a. Matter and energy are freely exchanged with the surroundings.
b. Energy is exchanged with the surroundings but matter is not.
c. Matter is exchanged with the surroundings but energy is not.
d. Neither matter nor energy is exchanged with the surroundings.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated systems.
MSC: Understanding
10. Which of the following best defines the first law of thermodynamics?
a. All spontaneous processes in the universe tend toward dispersal of energy.
b. Total amount of energy in the universe is a constant.
c. There is no entropy at zero Kelvin.
d. Entropy is a measure of disorder.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.f. Explain the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems.
MSC: Understanding
2
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Chapter 2: Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes
Learning Objectives
2.1 Energy Conversion in Biological Systems 2.2 Water Is Critical for Life Processes
2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on 2.2.a. Identify hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond
Earth. acceptors.
2.1.b. Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs. 2.2.b. Describe how an antifreeze protein functions.
2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in 2.2.c. Differentiate among hydrogen bonds, ionic
biological systems. interactions, and van der Waals interactions.
2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings. 2.2.d. State the concept of the hydrophobic effect and how
it impacts protein folding.
2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated
systems. 2.2.e. Explain the impacts of hypotonic, isotonic, and
hypertonic solutions on cells.
2.1.f. Explain the first law of thermodynamics as it applies
to biological systems. 2.2.f. Identify the important aspects of plant, fungi, and
bacterial cells that allow them to survive in a hypotonic
2.1.g. Differentiate between endothermic and exothermic environment.
reactions.
2.2.g. Calculate the concentration of H+ or OH– given the
2.1.h. State the second law of thermodynamics as it applies OH– or H+ concentration.
to biological systems.
2.2.h. Relate pH to the concentration of H+ or OH–.
2.1.i. Explain the concept of entropy and its role in
biological systems. 2.2.i. Differentiate between weak acids and strong acids
and between weak bases and strong bases.
2.1.j. Define Gibbs free energy, its relation to enthalpy and
entropy, and its relation to equilibrium. 2.2.j. Relate pH to pKa using the Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation.
2.1.k. Identify the impacts of enthalpy, entropy, and
temperature on free energy. 2.3 Cell Membranes Function as Selective Hydrophobic
Barriers
2.1.l. Differentiate between standard state condition and the
biochemical standard state. 2.3.a. Identify the characteristics of a phospholipid that
contribute to membrane formation.
2.1.m. Differentiate between exergonic and endergonic
reactions and explain how such reactions are coupled in 2.3.b. Relate the degree of saturation in phospholipids to
biological systems. the fluidity of the membrane.
2.1.n. Identify the characteristics of the ATP molecule 2.3.c. Explain the various ways cholesterol impacts
that provide such a large standard free energy change for membrane structure.
phosphoanhydride bond cleavage.
2.3.d. Differentiate among the different types of membranes
2.1.o. Describe the relationship between energy charge and found in a eukaryotic cell.
concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP.
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biochemistry 1st Edition Miesfeld
Chapter 2: Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Energy conversion in living systems is required for what three types of work?
a. osmotic work, chemical work, mechanical work
b. osmotic work, chemical work, potential work
c. kinetic work, chemical work, mechanical work
d. osmotic work, photosynthetic work, mechanical work
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
MSC: Remembering
2. What chemical process is able to take place in the presence of solar energy?
a. anaerobic respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. hydrogenation
d. hydrolysis
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
MSC: Remembering
3. Which of the following is the correct solar energy reaction that takes place on the sun?
a. 4 He → 4 He
b. 4 He → 4 He
c. 4 H → 4 He
d. 4 H → 4 H
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
MSC: Understanding
4. What is the final molecule made from the oxidation of H2 O by solar energy?
a. ozone
b. glucose
c. fructose
d. carbon dioxide
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in biological systems.
MSC: Understanding
5. The difference between an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction is that oxidation is the
__________ and reduction is the __________.
a. loss of electrons; gain of electrons
b. gain of electrons; loss of electrons
c. loss of protons; gain of protons
d. gain of protons; loss of protons
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in biological systems.
MSC: Analyzing
1
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biochemistry 1st Edition Miesfeld
6. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between an ice cube melting on the
table and the air surrounding it?
a. The ice cube is the system and the air is the surroundings.
b. The air is the system and the ice cube is the surroundings.
c. The ice cube is the system and only the air is the universe.
d. The air is the system and only the ice cube is the universe.
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings.
MSC: Evaluating
7. Which of the following is an example of a system?
a. the universe
b. the air
c. a test tube with reaction components
d. outer space
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings.
MSC: Understanding
8. A hot pack on your arm is an example of what kind of system?
a. open
b. closed
c. isolated
d. surroundings
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated systems.
MSC: Applying
9. Which of the following best describes an open system?
a. Matter and energy are freely exchanged with the surroundings.
b. Energy is exchanged with the surroundings but matter is not.
c. Matter is exchanged with the surroundings but energy is not.
d. Neither matter nor energy is exchanged with the surroundings.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated systems.
MSC: Understanding
10. Which of the following best defines the first law of thermodynamics?
a. All spontaneous processes in the universe tend toward dispersal of energy.
b. Total amount of energy in the universe is a constant.
c. There is no entropy at zero Kelvin.
d. Entropy is a measure of disorder.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 2.1
OBJ: 2.1.f. Explain the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems.
MSC: Understanding
2
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