5355 UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 /
UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 ACTUAL
EXAM 3 MODULE 5 AND 6 REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) A
NEW UPDATED VERSION |GUARANTEED PASS A+
(ACTUAL EXAM)
Oncogenes - ANSWER: cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
Proto-oncogenes - ANSWER: promote normal cell growth factor and division
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - ANSWER: Oncogenes
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - ANSWER: Antioncogenes
antioncogenes - ANSWER: inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - - ANSWER: oncogenes, tumor
suppressor genes
What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? - ANSWER: Gatekeepers &
Caretakers
tumor suppressor genes - ANSWER: encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and
repair mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
Gatekeeper - ANSWER: regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent
uncontrolled growth and potential progression of cancer
Caretaker - ANSWER: suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning
correctly mutation can occur
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - ANSWER: Inflammation increases
free radicals and reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress, obesity, and
Type 2 Diabetes. - ANSWER: Pro-inflammatory cytokines
TP53 gene - ANSWER: tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape
apoptosis and can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - ANSWER: pro-inflammatory, may be related to
carcinogenesis
, 4 functions of TNF - ANSWER: 1)cell survival
2)cell proliferation
3) cell differentiation
4)cell death
CA therapy in relation to TNF - ANSWER: Modulation of TNF/receptors
tumor markers - ANSWER: not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of
cancers or after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
tumor markers are produced by both - ANSWER: benign & malignant cells, increased
levels seen in cancerous/noncancerous tumors
tumor markers include - ANSWER: hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens and
antibodies
CA19-9 - ANSWER: pancreatic cancer
CA-125 - ANSWER: ovarian cancer
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - ANSWER: hepatic, germ cell CA
CEA - ANSWER: colon cancer
PSA - ANSWER: Prostate CA
Telomerase is an - involved in DNA replication - ANSWER: enzyme
Telomeres is located at the end of each - - ANSWER: chromosome
Telomerase can be - ANSWER: switched on by cancer cells so that cells can divide
indefinitely- explains why cancer cells replicate aggressively
Role of Viruses & CA - ANSWER: inflammatory response may contribute to onset of
cancer, chronic viruses increase risk of cancer
Chronic Hepatitis can cause - ANSWER: liver cancer
Epstein Barr can cause - ANSWER: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
HPV can cause - ANSWER: cervical cancer
BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 Normal Function - ANSWER: produce proteins that prevent
abnormal cell growth under normal function
BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 Mutated Function - ANSWER: allow abnormal cell growth to occur
because there is a loss of proteins that keep growth in check
UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 ACTUAL
EXAM 3 MODULE 5 AND 6 REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) A
NEW UPDATED VERSION |GUARANTEED PASS A+
(ACTUAL EXAM)
Oncogenes - ANSWER: cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
Proto-oncogenes - ANSWER: promote normal cell growth factor and division
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - ANSWER: Oncogenes
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - ANSWER: Antioncogenes
antioncogenes - ANSWER: inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - - ANSWER: oncogenes, tumor
suppressor genes
What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? - ANSWER: Gatekeepers &
Caretakers
tumor suppressor genes - ANSWER: encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and
repair mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
Gatekeeper - ANSWER: regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent
uncontrolled growth and potential progression of cancer
Caretaker - ANSWER: suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning
correctly mutation can occur
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - ANSWER: Inflammation increases
free radicals and reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress, obesity, and
Type 2 Diabetes. - ANSWER: Pro-inflammatory cytokines
TP53 gene - ANSWER: tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape
apoptosis and can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - ANSWER: pro-inflammatory, may be related to
carcinogenesis
, 4 functions of TNF - ANSWER: 1)cell survival
2)cell proliferation
3) cell differentiation
4)cell death
CA therapy in relation to TNF - ANSWER: Modulation of TNF/receptors
tumor markers - ANSWER: not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of
cancers or after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
tumor markers are produced by both - ANSWER: benign & malignant cells, increased
levels seen in cancerous/noncancerous tumors
tumor markers include - ANSWER: hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens and
antibodies
CA19-9 - ANSWER: pancreatic cancer
CA-125 - ANSWER: ovarian cancer
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - ANSWER: hepatic, germ cell CA
CEA - ANSWER: colon cancer
PSA - ANSWER: Prostate CA
Telomerase is an - involved in DNA replication - ANSWER: enzyme
Telomeres is located at the end of each - - ANSWER: chromosome
Telomerase can be - ANSWER: switched on by cancer cells so that cells can divide
indefinitely- explains why cancer cells replicate aggressively
Role of Viruses & CA - ANSWER: inflammatory response may contribute to onset of
cancer, chronic viruses increase risk of cancer
Chronic Hepatitis can cause - ANSWER: liver cancer
Epstein Barr can cause - ANSWER: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
HPV can cause - ANSWER: cervical cancer
BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 Normal Function - ANSWER: produce proteins that prevent
abnormal cell growth under normal function
BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 Mutated Function - ANSWER: allow abnormal cell growth to occur
because there is a loss of proteins that keep growth in check
