Galen BIO 2100 Exam 1 with correct
answers
Which type of microscopy allows one to see internal structures of bacterial cells? - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔Transmission electron microscopy
What structure associated with the condenser lens is used to control the amount of light that reaches
a specimen in a compound light microscope? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Iris diaphragm
Which microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background; internal structures
are not visible? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Darkfield microscope
What are the 3 domains in the three-domain system? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Archaea,
Eukarya, and Animalia
Characteristics of protozoa? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔classified by their method of
locomotion, unicellular and all of them are eukaryotic
Who first understood that fermentation was a biological process and developed a process to heat
treat beverages? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Pasteur
What lacks a membrane-bound nucleus? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔bacteria
Which scientist is credited with being the father of medical microbiology and came up with the
postulates to prove which microbe is the causative agent of a particular disease? - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔Koch
What activities of microbes is a vital activity that some bacteria perform? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS
**✔✔participating in decomposition and mineral cycles, fixing nitrogen to enable plants to grow in
the soil, and producing O2 via photosynthesis
,What is microbiology? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The study of microorganisms
What are microorganisms? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔microscopic organisms smaller than
1mm
Microorganisms are ? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔ubiquitous
what percentage of known microorganisms are pathogens? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔3-10%
Define microbe diversity - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔organisms that can adapt very quickly
Define normal microbiota - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔organisms that normally live on and in
us. They out-compete invading organisms
define infectious disease - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔transmitted from one person to another
and causes damage to the host
define opportunistic pathogens - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔organisms that are usually harmless
but sometimes can cause disease depending on persons circumstance.
define microbial intoxications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔when the microorganism produces a
toxin of some sort.
define a biofilm - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔a thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a solid
surface.
what does it mean to be photosynthetic? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔they use light energy to
make cellular energy and getting carbon from CO2. They use CO2 in the air and put it into organic
molecules.
, What produces the most oxygen on earth? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔photosynthetic algae
Photosynthetic organisms use what and produce what? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔use CO2
and produce O2 gas
Animals use what and produce what? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔use O2 and produce CO2
What are the basis of the food chain? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔bacteria and algae
Small animals eat what? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔insects, zooplankton,phytoplankton (plant
like organisms that float in water)
Insects and zooplankton eat what? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔algae and bacteria
fungi and bacteria provide what to who? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔nutrients for plants
(decomposers)
microbes do what in the food chain? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔decompose dead organic
matter and recycle the nutrients
Define nitrogen fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔only a
few groups of bacteria can use inorganic N2 and make it into (ammonia, nitrates, etc.) that other
organisms can use
Define the carbon cycle - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔photosynthetic organisms use CO2 and
produce CO2
Define carbon fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS
**✔✔photosynthetic organisms can make inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic carbon (glucose)
answers
Which type of microscopy allows one to see internal structures of bacterial cells? - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔Transmission electron microscopy
What structure associated with the condenser lens is used to control the amount of light that reaches
a specimen in a compound light microscope? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Iris diaphragm
Which microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background; internal structures
are not visible? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Darkfield microscope
What are the 3 domains in the three-domain system? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Archaea,
Eukarya, and Animalia
Characteristics of protozoa? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔classified by their method of
locomotion, unicellular and all of them are eukaryotic
Who first understood that fermentation was a biological process and developed a process to heat
treat beverages? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Pasteur
What lacks a membrane-bound nucleus? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔bacteria
Which scientist is credited with being the father of medical microbiology and came up with the
postulates to prove which microbe is the causative agent of a particular disease? - ** VERIFIED
ANSWERS **✔✔Koch
What activities of microbes is a vital activity that some bacteria perform? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS
**✔✔participating in decomposition and mineral cycles, fixing nitrogen to enable plants to grow in
the soil, and producing O2 via photosynthesis
,What is microbiology? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The study of microorganisms
What are microorganisms? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔microscopic organisms smaller than
1mm
Microorganisms are ? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔ubiquitous
what percentage of known microorganisms are pathogens? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔3-10%
Define microbe diversity - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔organisms that can adapt very quickly
Define normal microbiota - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔organisms that normally live on and in
us. They out-compete invading organisms
define infectious disease - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔transmitted from one person to another
and causes damage to the host
define opportunistic pathogens - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔organisms that are usually harmless
but sometimes can cause disease depending on persons circumstance.
define microbial intoxications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔when the microorganism produces a
toxin of some sort.
define a biofilm - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔a thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a solid
surface.
what does it mean to be photosynthetic? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔they use light energy to
make cellular energy and getting carbon from CO2. They use CO2 in the air and put it into organic
molecules.
, What produces the most oxygen on earth? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔photosynthetic algae
Photosynthetic organisms use what and produce what? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔use CO2
and produce O2 gas
Animals use what and produce what? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔use O2 and produce CO2
What are the basis of the food chain? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔bacteria and algae
Small animals eat what? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔insects, zooplankton,phytoplankton (plant
like organisms that float in water)
Insects and zooplankton eat what? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔algae and bacteria
fungi and bacteria provide what to who? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔nutrients for plants
(decomposers)
microbes do what in the food chain? - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔decompose dead organic
matter and recycle the nutrients
Define nitrogen fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔only a
few groups of bacteria can use inorganic N2 and make it into (ammonia, nitrates, etc.) that other
organisms can use
Define the carbon cycle - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔photosynthetic organisms use CO2 and
produce CO2
Define carbon fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS
**✔✔photosynthetic organisms can make inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic carbon (glucose)
