Digestive System-D
1. The first part of the small intestine is called: duodenum
2. the duodenum is connected to the stomach by: pyloric sphincter
3. after duodenum: jejunum
4. The jejunum is located: on the left side upper quadrant of abdominal cavity
5. after jejunum: ileum
6. ileum: the last part of the small intestine
7. The ileum is connected to: the large intestine
8. The connection between ileum and large intestine is called: ileocecal junction
9. ileocecal junction: the end of the small intestine where the ileum joins and empties into
the cecum of the large intestine
10.The duodenum has 4 parts:: 1st-Transvers Part 2nd-
Descending Part
3rd-Horizontal part
4th-Ascending Part
11.The 4 parts of the duodenum are:: Transverse, Descending, Horizontal, and Ascending
12.The second part of the duodenum is the: Descending portion
13. The second, or Descending, portion of duodenum contains 2 openings:: -
-Ampulla of Vatar (or sphincter of oddi)
-Accessory pancreatic duct
14.ampulla of vatar: surrounded by sphincter of oddi
15.The sphincter of Oddi: receives bile from common bile duct and pancreatic enzymes from
main pancreatic duct
16.The pancreatic enzymes that enter into the sphincter of oddi are: amylase, lipase, and protease
(which are necessary for digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in small intestine)
17.amylase, lipase, and protease are necessary for: digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and
lipids in small intestine
18.accessory pancreatic duct: smaller duct that empties directly into duodenum
19.The duodenum contains 3-4 cells:: I cells, S cells
20.I cells secrete: cholecystokinin (CCK)
21.S cells secrete: secretin
22.Enterogastrone hormone: secreted by duodenum and inhibits the early stom- ach peristalsis
(or early stomach emptying)
23.Early stomach emptying is controlled by: Enterogastrone
24.What percentage of digestion and absorption is controlled by small intes- tine: 90%
1/
, Digestive System-D
25.But how does small intestine perform so much of the body's digestion and absorption?: The wall
of small intestine contains finger-like structures called villi that increase surface area of small
intestine
26.Villi: Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface
area
27.Inside the villi is: capillary
28.And capillary is connected to: venous system, to portal sustem
29.Meaning, that the lumen receives the: food content or chyme
30.The nutrients and vitamins, then move from: lumen to the epithelial cells of villi
31.And after absorption of these nutrients by epithelial cells of villi, then: these nutrients move
from epithelial cell of villi into capillary
32.And from capillary move to: the portal system
33.The portal system is: a large vein which carries the absorbed nutrients to the liver
34.The liver is the place for: storage of many vitamins, for example iron
35.Imagine the small intestine receives bug pancreatic enzymes, meanwhile receives the food
content (chyme) which is ready for: digestion and absorption
36.Digestion: breaking down of food content in small pieces by enzymes
37.First we should have: slow waves
38.Slow waves exists: in every part of GI tract
39.Slow waves mean that: before receiving the food content the small intestine already had a
slow wave
40.After receiving the food content in the intestine, the slow wave is converted into: segmental
contraction
41.What is segmental contraction?: It means that the intestine receives the pancreatic
enzymes which mixes with food content
42.Segmental contraction takes a while because: the small intestine needs this time for digestion
and mixing of food content with the enzymes
43.For that reason they say that every: 1cm of GI tract has segmental contraction
44.Segmental contraction takes time for: mixing and digestion and absorption
45.After segmental contraction, then it continues with: peristalsis
46.Peristalsis is: a spike wave
47.Peristalsis is different than: segmental contraction
48.Peristalsis(spike wave) means: the food content moves to the next segment, or part, of GI
tract
2/
1. The first part of the small intestine is called: duodenum
2. the duodenum is connected to the stomach by: pyloric sphincter
3. after duodenum: jejunum
4. The jejunum is located: on the left side upper quadrant of abdominal cavity
5. after jejunum: ileum
6. ileum: the last part of the small intestine
7. The ileum is connected to: the large intestine
8. The connection between ileum and large intestine is called: ileocecal junction
9. ileocecal junction: the end of the small intestine where the ileum joins and empties into
the cecum of the large intestine
10.The duodenum has 4 parts:: 1st-Transvers Part 2nd-
Descending Part
3rd-Horizontal part
4th-Ascending Part
11.The 4 parts of the duodenum are:: Transverse, Descending, Horizontal, and Ascending
12.The second part of the duodenum is the: Descending portion
13. The second, or Descending, portion of duodenum contains 2 openings:: -
-Ampulla of Vatar (or sphincter of oddi)
-Accessory pancreatic duct
14.ampulla of vatar: surrounded by sphincter of oddi
15.The sphincter of Oddi: receives bile from common bile duct and pancreatic enzymes from
main pancreatic duct
16.The pancreatic enzymes that enter into the sphincter of oddi are: amylase, lipase, and protease
(which are necessary for digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in small intestine)
17.amylase, lipase, and protease are necessary for: digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and
lipids in small intestine
18.accessory pancreatic duct: smaller duct that empties directly into duodenum
19.The duodenum contains 3-4 cells:: I cells, S cells
20.I cells secrete: cholecystokinin (CCK)
21.S cells secrete: secretin
22.Enterogastrone hormone: secreted by duodenum and inhibits the early stom- ach peristalsis
(or early stomach emptying)
23.Early stomach emptying is controlled by: Enterogastrone
24.What percentage of digestion and absorption is controlled by small intes- tine: 90%
1/
, Digestive System-D
25.But how does small intestine perform so much of the body's digestion and absorption?: The wall
of small intestine contains finger-like structures called villi that increase surface area of small
intestine
26.Villi: Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface
area
27.Inside the villi is: capillary
28.And capillary is connected to: venous system, to portal sustem
29.Meaning, that the lumen receives the: food content or chyme
30.The nutrients and vitamins, then move from: lumen to the epithelial cells of villi
31.And after absorption of these nutrients by epithelial cells of villi, then: these nutrients move
from epithelial cell of villi into capillary
32.And from capillary move to: the portal system
33.The portal system is: a large vein which carries the absorbed nutrients to the liver
34.The liver is the place for: storage of many vitamins, for example iron
35.Imagine the small intestine receives bug pancreatic enzymes, meanwhile receives the food
content (chyme) which is ready for: digestion and absorption
36.Digestion: breaking down of food content in small pieces by enzymes
37.First we should have: slow waves
38.Slow waves exists: in every part of GI tract
39.Slow waves mean that: before receiving the food content the small intestine already had a
slow wave
40.After receiving the food content in the intestine, the slow wave is converted into: segmental
contraction
41.What is segmental contraction?: It means that the intestine receives the pancreatic
enzymes which mixes with food content
42.Segmental contraction takes a while because: the small intestine needs this time for digestion
and mixing of food content with the enzymes
43.For that reason they say that every: 1cm of GI tract has segmental contraction
44.Segmental contraction takes time for: mixing and digestion and absorption
45.After segmental contraction, then it continues with: peristalsis
46.Peristalsis is: a spike wave
47.Peristalsis is different than: segmental contraction
48.Peristalsis(spike wave) means: the food content moves to the next segment, or part, of GI
tract
2/
