Mastering Pharmacogenomics A Nurse’s Handbook for Success

Praise for Mastering Pharmacogenomics “The authors have an exceptional ability to make genetics and genomics accessible to nurses, and this text on pharmacogenomics is no exception. Nurses in every setting will find applications to their own work.” –Heather Skirton, PhD, RGN, RGC Professor of Applied Health Genetics, Plymouth University (UK) Chair of the European Board of Medical Genetics “This book is an essential resource for healthcare providers as we fast-forward to affordable gene sequencing for identifying, understanding, and treating individuals based on the merger/convergence of therapeutic treatment and personalized genetic information. This is critical reading for those already practicing and teaching and required reading for those preparing to launch their careers as professional clinicians.” –Annette Wysocki, PhD, RN, FAAN Associate Dean for Research and Professor, University of Massachusetts Amherst Former Scientific Director of National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) and Project Manager of the Summer Genetics Institute at NINR “Mastering Pharmacogenomics: A Nurse’s Handbook for Success is an excellent resource explaining the fundamentals of tailored medicine. The strength of the book is in the clarity with which complex concepts are presented, aided by features such as nurse-centered case examples and end-of-chapter summaries. This book is an easy-to-read, accessible volume, making it a “must have” for the library of every level of nurse, from student to advanced practice.” –Bernice Coleman, PhD, ACNP Nurse Scientist, Nurse Practitioner, Heart Transplantation, Mechanical Assist Device Programs Nursing Education and Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center “We are at a point in time where we have a critical mass of knowledge about the effect of genomic variability on health. Current and future healthcare providers need to have a basic understanding of pharmacogenomics and be able to use this information to inform practice and communicate with patients. Mastering Pharmacogenomics: A Nurse’s Handbook for Success covers the basic science content needed to understand the current science of pharmacogenomics but has the added value of providing real-life applicability of crucial concepts. The book is extremely well organized, discusses important pharmacogenomics concepts within specific populations, addresses key ethical considerations, and provides online resources that will help to keep the content current for the reader. Educators of future healthcare providers, current healthcare providers, and students will all benefit from gaining an understanding of pharmacogenomics through the patient-centered approach used in Mastering Pharmacogenomics: A Nurse’s Handbook for Success.” –Yvette P. Conley, PhD Professor of Nursing and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh MasteringP 1 12/15/14 8:59 PM “Authored by experts in their field, this book provides a wealth of current and well-referenced pharmacogenomics material. It will be invaluable to the growing number of healthcare courses requiring students to study genomics. Readers are provided with a text covering the necessary biological framework. However, the uniqueness of this book is that it retains its practice focus on real-world healthcare applications.” –Caroline Benjamin, PhD, RGN, RGC Guild Research Fellow–Health, HeRMI (Health Research Methodology and Implementation Hub) UK Registered Genetic Counsellor Hon. Research Fellow I Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust MasteringP 2 12/15/14 8:59 PM Mastering Pharmacogenomics A Nurse’s Handbook for Success Dale Halsey Lea, MPH, RN, CGC, APNG; Dennis J. Cheek, PhD, RN, FAHA; Daniel Brazeau, PhD; Gayle Brazeau, PhD MasteringP 3 12/15/14 8:59 PM Copyright © 2015 by Sigma Theta Tau International All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Any trademarks, service marks, design rights, or similar rights that are mentioned, used, or cited in this book are the property of their respective owners. Their use here does not imply that you may use them for similar or any other purpose. The Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to support the learning, knowledge, and professional development of nurses committed to making a difference in health worldwide. Founded in 1922, STTI has 130,000 members in 86 countries. Members include practicing nurses, instructors, researchers, policymakers, entrepreneurs and others. STTI’s 499 chapters are located at 695 institutions of higher education throughout Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ghana, Hong Kong, Japan, Kenya, Malawi, Mexico, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Swaziland, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, United Kingdom, United States, and Wales. More information about STTI can be found online at . Sigma Theta Tau International 550 West North Street Indianapolis, IN, USA 46202 To order additional books, buy in bulk, or order for corporate use, contact Nursing Knowledge International at 888.NKI.4YOU (888.654.4968/US and Canada) or +1.317.634.8171 (outside US and Canada). To request a review copy for course adoption, email or call 888.NKI.4YOU (888.654.4968/US and Canada) or +1.317.634.8171 (outside US and Canada). To request author information, or for speaker or other media requests, contact Marketing, Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International at 888.634.7575 (US and Canada) or +1.317.634.8171 (outside US and Canada). ISBN: 9781938835704 EPUB ISBN: 9781938835711 PDF ISBN: 9781938835728 MOBI ISBN: 9781938835735 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lea, Dale Halsey, author. Mastering pharmacogenomics : a nurse’s handbook for success / Dale Halsey Lea, Dennis J. Cheek, Daniel Brazeau, Gayle Brazeau. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-938835-70-4 (print : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-938835-71-1 (Epub) -- ISBN 978-1-938835-72-8 (PDF) -- ISBN 978- 1-938835-73-5 (Mobi) I. Cheek, Dennis J., author. II. Brazeau, Daniel A., author. III. Brazeau, Gayle A., author. IV. Sigma Theta Tau International, issuing body. V. Title. [DNLM: 1. Drug Therapy--nursing. 2. Pharmacogenetics. WY 100.1] RM301.3.G45 615.1’9--dc23 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ First Printing, 2015 Publisher: Dustin Sullivan Principal Book Editor: Carla Hall Acquisitions Editor: Emily Hatch Development and Project Editor: Brian Walls Editorial Coordinator: Paula Jeffers Copy Editor: Teresa Artman Cover Designer: Michael Tanamachi Proofreader: Barbara Bennett Interior Design/Page Layout: Rebecca Batchelor Indexer: Cheryl Jackson Lenser Illustrator: Clint Lahnen MasteringP 4 12/15/14 8:59 PM Dedication We dedicate Mastering Pharmacogenomics: A Nurse’s Handbook for Success to all nurses worldwide. Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the International Society of Nurses in Genetics (ISONG) for its significant role in fostering the professional growth of nurses in genetics and genomics around the world. We would like to acknowledge Kathleen Calzone, PhD, RN, APNG, FAAN, who is a significant, inspiring national leader in nursing genetics/genomics. Finally, we would like to also acknowledge Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) for its support of this project. Thank you. MasteringP 5 12/15/14 8:59 PM About the Authors Dale Halsey Lea, MPH, RN, CGC, APNG Dale Halsey Lea is an advanced practice nurse in genetics and a board certified genetic counselor. Lea has worked for more than 30 years in the field of genetics. From 1983 to 2005, she worked as a genetic counselor in a public health genetics clinic in Maine. From 2005 to 2010, she worked as a health educator for the National Human Genome Research Institute in both the Education and Community Involvement Branch and the Genomic Healthcare Branch. In her position as health educator, Lea oversaw genetics and genomics educational projects and resources that reached out to the general public and healthcare providers. In the fall of 2010, Lea began a consulting position with the Maine State Genetics Program, where she has worked with the program to develop a Maine State Genetics Plan. Lea has published widely in the nursing literature on genetic and genomic topics. She has also taught an online genetics and genomics course for nurses. She has written textbooks on genetics and genomics for nurses and has given genetics/genomics presentations to nurses worldwide. Lea received a baccalaureate degree in English from Wheaton College in 1972. She received an associate degree in nursing from Marymount College of Virginia School of Nursing in 1978, and her baccalaureate degree in nursing from Westbrook College/University of New England School of Nursing in 1988, graduating with high honors. She then went on to get a master’s degree in public health education and health promotion from Loma Linda University in 1992. She has been a member of the International Society of Nurses in Genetics (ISONG) since 1986 and was a founding member and former president. She was also a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. Dennis J. Cheek, PhD, RN, FAHA Dennis J. Cheek is the Abell-Hanger Professor in Gerontological Nursing at Texas Christian University-Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences, with a joint appointment in the School of Nurse Anesthesia. He received his bachelor of science in nursing from California State University, Fresno and his master of science in nursing from the University of California, San Francisco with a focus in critical care nursing and education. He received his doctor of philosophy in cellular and molecular pharmacology and physiology from the University of Nevada, Reno and was awarded a Nevada AHA Affiliate Post-Doctoral Fellowship to continue his research. His teaching responsibilities include undergraduate pharmacology, graduate pathophysiology and pharmacology, MasteringP 6 12/15/14 8:59 PM About the Authors vii nurse anesthesia pharmacology, and cardiovascular physiology, as well as one of the core courses in the new Doctor of nursing practice program at TCU. Along with his teaching responsibilities, he is continuing his program of research in the established Nursing Research Laboratory, studying the effects of age and exercise on vascular endothelial cells. Cheek has been a member of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing since 2000 and was inducted as a fellow of the American Heart Association (FAHA). He has published in numerous journals, including American Journal of Critical Care, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Clinical Issues, AANA Journal, Biological Research in Nursing, Circulation Research, Critical Care Nurse, Heart & Lung, International Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal of Aging Research, Journal of Emergency Nursing, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Daniel Brazeau, PhD Daniel Brazeau is director of the University of New England’s Genomics, Analytics and Proteomics Core (GAPc) and a research associate professor in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy. The GAPc is a research training facility providing expertise, technologies, and most importantly, training support for faculty and students. He received his BS and MS in biology from the University of Toledo and earned his PhD in biological sciences (1989) from the University at Buffalo. After completing postdoctoral training in population genetics at the University of Houston, he was a research assistant professor in the Department of Zoology at the University of Florida and director of the University of Florida’s Genetic Analysis Laboratory in the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Biotechnology. For 10 years prior to joining UNE, he was a research associate professor in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University at Buffalo and director of the University at Buffalo’s Pharmaceutical Genetics Laboratory. Brazeau’s research interests involve the areas of population molecular genetics and genomics. He teaches courses in molecular genetics methodologies and a required course in pharmacogenomics for graduate and pharmacy professional students. Brazeau is also a participating scientist in the National Science Foundation’s Geneticist-Educator Network Alliances (GENA), working with high school science teachers to incorporate genetics into the classroom. He has served as chair of the Biological Sciences section in 2008 and is one of the founding chairs of the new Pharmacogenomics Special Interest Group in the American Association of