MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY PHARMACOLOGY 615 EXAM
2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - ANSWER -Neuramidase Inhibitor. Oral Antiviral for influenza A&B. Works
by breaking the bond that attaches the viral particles to host cell. SE include headache, n/v, and
CNS.
Zanamivir (Relenza) - ANSWER -Neuramidase Inhibitor. Inhaled Antiviral for influenza A&B.
Works by breaking the bond that attaches the viral particles to host cell. Contraindicated for
COPD. SE include headache, n/v, and CNS.
Amantadine (Symmetrel) - ANSWER -Inhaled Antiviral for Influenza A. Works by binding to ion
channels formed by the membrane protein of viral envelope. High pKA so no absorption in
stomach. CNS side effects like dizziness.
Rimantadine (Flumadine) - ANSWER -Inhaled Antiviral for Influenza A. Works by binding to ion
channels formed by the membrane protein of viral envelope. High pKA so no absorption in
stomach. CNS side effects like dizziness.
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir - ANSWER -antivirals for HSV and VZV. Block an enzyme that
is essential in production of new viruses so virus cannot reproduce and replicate. SE include
headach and nausea.
Antivirals - ANSWER -Should be takens ASAP for effect (within 48-72 hrs of ONSET of
symptoms). For shingles or zoster, when you notice the rash, come in. For influenza, early signs
of flu, come in (sore throat, runny nose QUICK ONSET).
Amphotericin B - ANSWER -Polyene antifungal for LIFE THREATENING fungal infections. Usually
have been on chemo or poor immune systems. Disrupts the integrity of fungal cell membrane.
Maryville University Pharmacology 615 Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
,Nystatin - ANSWER -Polyene antifungal works by disrupting the integrity of the fungal cell
membrane but only works for CANDIDA (unlike ammphotericin b). skin, vaginal, oral/thrush.
itraconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole - ANSWER -triazole antifungals. inhibit
critical enzyme that causes a buildup of toxic substance and leads to increased fungal
membrane permeability (cell leaks out). CYP 450 system. lots of drug interactions. SE include
n/v.
Other -azoles (clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole) - ANSWER -imidazole antifungals
are like the traizole antifungals but are indicated specifically for vulvovaginal, oropharyngeal,
and tinea candidias infections. inhibit critical enzyme that causes a buildup of toxic substance
and leads to increased fungal membrane permeability (cell leaks out). CYP 450 system. lots of
drug interactions. SE include n/v.
allylamines (lamisil) - ANSWER -ORAL antifungal for onchomycosis. works like the azole
antifungals but highly active against dermatophytes so good for toenails and fingernails that are
infected. does not work well against candida. LIVER/GI issues because take for 12 weeeks.
Pen-Lac - ANSWER -Topical antifungal indicated for onychomycosis.
griseofulvin - ANSWER -antifungal used for tinea infections. works well for tinea capitis and
works in children. inhibits mitosis of the fungal element. liquid form. if taken with soda can
absorb better.
tolnaftate (tinactin) - ANSWER -topical antifungal used for tinea infections. tinea cruris or jock
itch.
ethambutol - ANSWER -antitubercular drug. inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids (important for
mycobacterial wall). rapidly absorbed orally. NOT monotherapy. SE is optic neuritis.
Isonazid (INH) - ANSWER -antitubercular drug. well absorbed, penetrates CNS. potent.
peripheral neuritis and hepatitis are side effects.
Maryville University Pharmacology 615 Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
, Pyrazinamide (PZA) - ANSWER -antitubercular drug. widely distributed throughout all body
tissues. bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on dose. hepatic toxicity side effect.
Rifabutin - ANSWER -Rifamycin. antitubercular drug. semisynthetic derivative of the rifamycins.
widely distributed. inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (inhibits protein synthesis).
Rifampin - ANSWER -Rifamycin. antitubercular drug. It inhibits DNA-dependent RNA
polymerase. (inhibits protein synthesis). Highly protein bound so lots of potential interactions
with other medications. Side effect includes n/v, red-orange discoloration of urine, tears, sweat.
Lots of resistance issues BACTERICIDAL.
Vancomycin - ANSWER -Lypoglycopeptide: targets cell wall. Bactericidal and active against gram
negative bacteria. LARGE hydrophilic molecule usually given IV (cannot pass across GI cell
membrane). Is given PO for cdiff infections to act topically in the gut.
Erythromycin (multiple forms), Azithromycin, Clarithromycin - ANSWER -Macrolides. Target
Protein production. Bind to bacterial ribosome to prevent protein production. Bacterial
resistance is an issue because of overuse of zithromax and its convenient doxing z-pak (take for
5 days and lasts for 10 days).
Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline - ANSWER -Tetracyclines. Target Protein Production.
BACTERIOSTATIC. enter bacterial cells by passive diffusion and inhibit protein synthesis. BROAD
SPECTRUM but some resistance issues. Good for CHRONIC bronchitis and some skin infections.
Clindamycin - ANSWER -Lincosamide. Target Protein Production. (similar to macrolides). If
resistance to macrolides, usually crossover resistance. Wide range of uses. NO GRAM NEGATIVE
COVERAGE. good MRSA coverage.
streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin - ANSWER -Aminoglycosides. Target
Protein Production. bind to outer membrane of bacteria and form holes through which the drug
passess, then bind to bacterial ribosome and inhibit synthesis of new proteins. SERIOUS
INFECTIONS bc of side effects. topically and IV usually.
Maryville University Pharmacology 615 Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - ANSWER -Neuramidase Inhibitor. Oral Antiviral for influenza A&B. Works
by breaking the bond that attaches the viral particles to host cell. SE include headache, n/v, and
CNS.
Zanamivir (Relenza) - ANSWER -Neuramidase Inhibitor. Inhaled Antiviral for influenza A&B.
Works by breaking the bond that attaches the viral particles to host cell. Contraindicated for
COPD. SE include headache, n/v, and CNS.
Amantadine (Symmetrel) - ANSWER -Inhaled Antiviral for Influenza A. Works by binding to ion
channels formed by the membrane protein of viral envelope. High pKA so no absorption in
stomach. CNS side effects like dizziness.
Rimantadine (Flumadine) - ANSWER -Inhaled Antiviral for Influenza A. Works by binding to ion
channels formed by the membrane protein of viral envelope. High pKA so no absorption in
stomach. CNS side effects like dizziness.
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir - ANSWER -antivirals for HSV and VZV. Block an enzyme that
is essential in production of new viruses so virus cannot reproduce and replicate. SE include
headach and nausea.
Antivirals - ANSWER -Should be takens ASAP for effect (within 48-72 hrs of ONSET of
symptoms). For shingles or zoster, when you notice the rash, come in. For influenza, early signs
of flu, come in (sore throat, runny nose QUICK ONSET).
Amphotericin B - ANSWER -Polyene antifungal for LIFE THREATENING fungal infections. Usually
have been on chemo or poor immune systems. Disrupts the integrity of fungal cell membrane.
Maryville University Pharmacology 615 Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
,Nystatin - ANSWER -Polyene antifungal works by disrupting the integrity of the fungal cell
membrane but only works for CANDIDA (unlike ammphotericin b). skin, vaginal, oral/thrush.
itraconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole - ANSWER -triazole antifungals. inhibit
critical enzyme that causes a buildup of toxic substance and leads to increased fungal
membrane permeability (cell leaks out). CYP 450 system. lots of drug interactions. SE include
n/v.
Other -azoles (clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole) - ANSWER -imidazole antifungals
are like the traizole antifungals but are indicated specifically for vulvovaginal, oropharyngeal,
and tinea candidias infections. inhibit critical enzyme that causes a buildup of toxic substance
and leads to increased fungal membrane permeability (cell leaks out). CYP 450 system. lots of
drug interactions. SE include n/v.
allylamines (lamisil) - ANSWER -ORAL antifungal for onchomycosis. works like the azole
antifungals but highly active against dermatophytes so good for toenails and fingernails that are
infected. does not work well against candida. LIVER/GI issues because take for 12 weeeks.
Pen-Lac - ANSWER -Topical antifungal indicated for onychomycosis.
griseofulvin - ANSWER -antifungal used for tinea infections. works well for tinea capitis and
works in children. inhibits mitosis of the fungal element. liquid form. if taken with soda can
absorb better.
tolnaftate (tinactin) - ANSWER -topical antifungal used for tinea infections. tinea cruris or jock
itch.
ethambutol - ANSWER -antitubercular drug. inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids (important for
mycobacterial wall). rapidly absorbed orally. NOT monotherapy. SE is optic neuritis.
Isonazid (INH) - ANSWER -antitubercular drug. well absorbed, penetrates CNS. potent.
peripheral neuritis and hepatitis are side effects.
Maryville University Pharmacology 615 Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
, Pyrazinamide (PZA) - ANSWER -antitubercular drug. widely distributed throughout all body
tissues. bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on dose. hepatic toxicity side effect.
Rifabutin - ANSWER -Rifamycin. antitubercular drug. semisynthetic derivative of the rifamycins.
widely distributed. inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (inhibits protein synthesis).
Rifampin - ANSWER -Rifamycin. antitubercular drug. It inhibits DNA-dependent RNA
polymerase. (inhibits protein synthesis). Highly protein bound so lots of potential interactions
with other medications. Side effect includes n/v, red-orange discoloration of urine, tears, sweat.
Lots of resistance issues BACTERICIDAL.
Vancomycin - ANSWER -Lypoglycopeptide: targets cell wall. Bactericidal and active against gram
negative bacteria. LARGE hydrophilic molecule usually given IV (cannot pass across GI cell
membrane). Is given PO for cdiff infections to act topically in the gut.
Erythromycin (multiple forms), Azithromycin, Clarithromycin - ANSWER -Macrolides. Target
Protein production. Bind to bacterial ribosome to prevent protein production. Bacterial
resistance is an issue because of overuse of zithromax and its convenient doxing z-pak (take for
5 days and lasts for 10 days).
Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline - ANSWER -Tetracyclines. Target Protein Production.
BACTERIOSTATIC. enter bacterial cells by passive diffusion and inhibit protein synthesis. BROAD
SPECTRUM but some resistance issues. Good for CHRONIC bronchitis and some skin infections.
Clindamycin - ANSWER -Lincosamide. Target Protein Production. (similar to macrolides). If
resistance to macrolides, usually crossover resistance. Wide range of uses. NO GRAM NEGATIVE
COVERAGE. good MRSA coverage.
streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin - ANSWER -Aminoglycosides. Target
Protein Production. bind to outer membrane of bacteria and form holes through which the drug
passess, then bind to bacterial ribosome and inhibit synthesis of new proteins. SERIOUS
INFECTIONS bc of side effects. topically and IV usually.
Maryville University Pharmacology 615 Exam 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
