BIOS 3000 Test 1 Concept Review
Name the two types of quantitative variables - answerscontinuous and discrete
What is the name for a nominal variable that take on one of the two distinct possible
values? - answersBinary (dichotomous) variable
Name the two most common types of inference based on sampling distribution of
statistics - answersconfidence intervals and hypothesis testing
Under a normal distribution, always and forever, what is the critical value associated
with a 95% confidence interval? - answers1.96
How does the Rare Event Rule explain hypothesis testing? - answersIf, under a given
assumption, the probability of an observed event is exceptionally small, we conclude
that the assumption is probably not correct
What do biostatisticians use when the expected value of any cell within a contingency
table is less than 5? - answersfisher's exact test
What two values do you need to know to calculate a pearson's chi squared test
statistic? - answersobserved and expected values
In what way does one tailed chi-squared test correspond to a two-tailed Z test? -
answersThey are equal
Under what circumstances is it appropriate to use McNemar's Test? -
answersMcNemars test is used for paired data (before and after)
What is the test statistic associated with Fisher's Exact Test? - answersthere is NO test
statistic associated with Fisher's Exact Test
Mathematically explain the difference between risk and odds - answersrisk (A)= P
Odds (A) = P/ (1-P)
For which studies is relative risk an appropriate Measure of Association? -
answersCohort and RCT
What does a relative risk less than 1 indicate? - answersThe risk of the outcome is less
in the exposure group compared to the unexposed group
If the odds ratio approximates the relative risk in an observational or experimental study,
what is most likely true? - answersThe outcome is rare
Name the two types of quantitative variables - answerscontinuous and discrete
What is the name for a nominal variable that take on one of the two distinct possible
values? - answersBinary (dichotomous) variable
Name the two most common types of inference based on sampling distribution of
statistics - answersconfidence intervals and hypothesis testing
Under a normal distribution, always and forever, what is the critical value associated
with a 95% confidence interval? - answers1.96
How does the Rare Event Rule explain hypothesis testing? - answersIf, under a given
assumption, the probability of an observed event is exceptionally small, we conclude
that the assumption is probably not correct
What do biostatisticians use when the expected value of any cell within a contingency
table is less than 5? - answersfisher's exact test
What two values do you need to know to calculate a pearson's chi squared test
statistic? - answersobserved and expected values
In what way does one tailed chi-squared test correspond to a two-tailed Z test? -
answersThey are equal
Under what circumstances is it appropriate to use McNemar's Test? -
answersMcNemars test is used for paired data (before and after)
What is the test statistic associated with Fisher's Exact Test? - answersthere is NO test
statistic associated with Fisher's Exact Test
Mathematically explain the difference between risk and odds - answersrisk (A)= P
Odds (A) = P/ (1-P)
For which studies is relative risk an appropriate Measure of Association? -
answersCohort and RCT
What does a relative risk less than 1 indicate? - answersThe risk of the outcome is less
in the exposure group compared to the unexposed group
If the odds ratio approximates the relative risk in an observational or experimental study,
what is most likely true? - answersThe outcome is rare
