Y106 OCR A LEVEL HISTORY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.Buy Quality Materials!
What were the 'eras' of rule during the Protectorate?
Protectorate 1653-1658
Consists of:
- 1st Protectorate Parliament December 1653 - January 1655
- Rule of the Major Generals January 1655 - January 1657 (England split into 10
regions rule by an army general. Policy of high taxation and extremism - highly
unpopular)
- 2nd Protectorate Parliament September 1656 - February 1658
- Rule with the Army February 1658 - September 1658
(Cromwell dies in September 1658)
What was the Instrument of Government and when was it introduced?
- December 1653
- The constitutional document that established the Protectorate. Written by John
Lambert, Cromwell became Lord Protector for life ("King in all but name")
- Council of State of 21 members
- Until Parliament met (September 1654) Cromwell could rule by ordinances (82 passed
before parliament met).
Context:
- Parliament had to meet for a minimum of 5 months every 3 years.
- Royalists not allowed to vote at first election
- Catholicism not tolerated by Instrument of Government.
When and why did the First Protectorate Parliament collapse?
- January 1655
- Cromwell suspended parliament after 100 MP's withdrew and refused to accept his
ordinances
(In periods of parliamentary recess Cromwell was able to rule via ordinances as Lord
Protector)
- Power>Religion in this period.
Context:
- Within the First Protectorate Parliament, Parliament itself had more power so could
'balance' out Cromwell's radical suggestions. Cromwell said he felt like "a child in
ANSWERS.Buy Quality Materials!
What were the 'eras' of rule during the Protectorate?
Protectorate 1653-1658
Consists of:
- 1st Protectorate Parliament December 1653 - January 1655
- Rule of the Major Generals January 1655 - January 1657 (England split into 10
regions rule by an army general. Policy of high taxation and extremism - highly
unpopular)
- 2nd Protectorate Parliament September 1656 - February 1658
- Rule with the Army February 1658 - September 1658
(Cromwell dies in September 1658)
What was the Instrument of Government and when was it introduced?
- December 1653
- The constitutional document that established the Protectorate. Written by John
Lambert, Cromwell became Lord Protector for life ("King in all but name")
- Council of State of 21 members
- Until Parliament met (September 1654) Cromwell could rule by ordinances (82 passed
before parliament met).
Context:
- Parliament had to meet for a minimum of 5 months every 3 years.
- Royalists not allowed to vote at first election
- Catholicism not tolerated by Instrument of Government.
When and why did the First Protectorate Parliament collapse?
- January 1655
- Cromwell suspended parliament after 100 MP's withdrew and refused to accept his
ordinances
(In periods of parliamentary recess Cromwell was able to rule via ordinances as Lord
Protector)
- Power>Religion in this period.
Context:
- Within the First Protectorate Parliament, Parliament itself had more power so could
'balance' out Cromwell's radical suggestions. Cromwell said he felt like "a child in
