Y106 OCR A LEVEL HISTORY QUESTIONS AND
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Prime Ministers Verwoerd's impact on development of Apartheid
(Evidence) - Led transition to South African Republic in 1961 after a referendum was
held (52% voted yes to become a republic)
(Analysis) - This meant South Africa had complete sovereignty to develop Apartheid
without the restrictions of having the British monarch as head of state.
HOWEVER
(Counterpoint) - This strained international relations, which would later have severe
economic consequences in the collapse of Apartheid due to economic sanctions.
(Evaluation) - Significant long-term impact on the development of Apartheid
(Evidence) - As a government minister he helped issue the Eislen report which
recommended reforming Bantu education. This meant that Bantu children would only be
taught vocational skills and Bantu schools would receive less funding.
(Analysis) - This meant that fewer Bantu children received high-quality education,
decreasing higher education and employment opportunities for Black Africans. (Which
meant more jobs for Afrikaners)
HOWEVER(Counterpoint) - Reforms could be seen as a cause of student led protests
in the 60's and 70's through groups such as SASO and SASM and leaders such as
Steve Biko, ultimately leading to conflicts such as the Soweto Uprising.
(Evaluation) - Widespread and long-term impact on the development of Apartheid
Prime Ministers Vorseter's impact on development of Apartheid
(Evidence) - Vorster sets up secret police forces after Sharpeville massacre (1961)
(Later reformed to become Bureau of State Security (BOSS) in 1969)
(Analysis) - Assasination of opposition leaders and political suppression was important
in maintaining security during period of increased opposition to Apartheid.
HOWEVER
(Counterpoint) - This strained international relations, which would later have severe
economic consequences in the collapse of Apartheid due to economic sanctions.
(Evaluation) - Consistent and significant impact on development of Apartheid.
Impact of the Bantu Self Government Act (1959) on the development of Apartheid
(Evidence) - Bantu Self Government act came as a result of the 1956 Tomlinson report
which stated that homelands needed to expand, as 50% of homelands were over
capacity.
(Evidence) - Transkei experiment (1976) - The first Bantustan in 1963 given full
independence in 1976
(Analysis) - Experiment failed due to opposition from local leaders, widespread
corruption and violence from groups such as Poqo. (This trend occurred across many
Bantustans)
(Evaluation) - Inconsistent success/impact
, (Evidence) - Significant law in implementing 'Grand Apartheid' (geographical separation
of races. Law meant that White Afrikaners were the largest ethnic group in the 'new'
South Africa.
(Analysis) - Law gave Apartheid government increased control of security measures.
(Evaluation) Bantu Self Government Act came as a result of PM Verwoerd's policies
(therefore effect not cause of development, therefore less significant than role of
Verwoerd and Vorster).
Impact of Nelson Mandela on resistance to Apartheid
(Point/Evidence) - Early proponent of Civil Disobedience
(Analysis) - Defiance Campaign in 1952 - helped increased ANC membership by
100,000
(Point/Evidence/Analysis) - Helped form MK in 1961 - MK involved in fighting border
wars and overwhelming the SADF
(Point/Evidence) - Time in prison helped to inspire a new generation of activists and MK
cadres, and made him a martyr for the opposition cause and gave him credibility
amongst opposition groups, which would hep him to become ANC leader and President
of South Africa later on in the period.
However
(Counterpoint) - Mandela's 27 years in prison on Robben Island can be seen as him not
having much direct impact on resistance to Apartheid
(Evaluation) - Widespread impact (as he led both peaceful and armed struggle to end
Apartheid)
Consistent and significant impact throughout - from time leading armed struggle to
leading negations with FW De Klerk and becoming President.
Impact of Oliver Tambo on resistance to Apartheid
(Point/Evidence) - Work while in exile in London to improve international support and
funding for the ANC (i.e. from USSR). He also met with international delegates to
improve political credibility of the ANC as a government in waiting.
Met with President Reagan in the 80's to improve relations with western powers and to
stamp out fears of communist links to USSR.
(Point/Evidence) - Provided unifying figure for the ANC and other opposition groups
during recession in the 60's.
(Point/Evidence) - Advocated for the strategy of making South Africa ungovernable
during the State of Emergency (1985- c.1990)
(Analysis) - Strategy achieved through widespread Civil disobedience and strike action
alongside increased militancy which helped to cripple Apartheid.
HOWEVER
ANSWERS.Buy Quality Materials!
Prime Ministers Verwoerd's impact on development of Apartheid
(Evidence) - Led transition to South African Republic in 1961 after a referendum was
held (52% voted yes to become a republic)
(Analysis) - This meant South Africa had complete sovereignty to develop Apartheid
without the restrictions of having the British monarch as head of state.
HOWEVER
(Counterpoint) - This strained international relations, which would later have severe
economic consequences in the collapse of Apartheid due to economic sanctions.
(Evaluation) - Significant long-term impact on the development of Apartheid
(Evidence) - As a government minister he helped issue the Eislen report which
recommended reforming Bantu education. This meant that Bantu children would only be
taught vocational skills and Bantu schools would receive less funding.
(Analysis) - This meant that fewer Bantu children received high-quality education,
decreasing higher education and employment opportunities for Black Africans. (Which
meant more jobs for Afrikaners)
HOWEVER(Counterpoint) - Reforms could be seen as a cause of student led protests
in the 60's and 70's through groups such as SASO and SASM and leaders such as
Steve Biko, ultimately leading to conflicts such as the Soweto Uprising.
(Evaluation) - Widespread and long-term impact on the development of Apartheid
Prime Ministers Vorseter's impact on development of Apartheid
(Evidence) - Vorster sets up secret police forces after Sharpeville massacre (1961)
(Later reformed to become Bureau of State Security (BOSS) in 1969)
(Analysis) - Assasination of opposition leaders and political suppression was important
in maintaining security during period of increased opposition to Apartheid.
HOWEVER
(Counterpoint) - This strained international relations, which would later have severe
economic consequences in the collapse of Apartheid due to economic sanctions.
(Evaluation) - Consistent and significant impact on development of Apartheid.
Impact of the Bantu Self Government Act (1959) on the development of Apartheid
(Evidence) - Bantu Self Government act came as a result of the 1956 Tomlinson report
which stated that homelands needed to expand, as 50% of homelands were over
capacity.
(Evidence) - Transkei experiment (1976) - The first Bantustan in 1963 given full
independence in 1976
(Analysis) - Experiment failed due to opposition from local leaders, widespread
corruption and violence from groups such as Poqo. (This trend occurred across many
Bantustans)
(Evaluation) - Inconsistent success/impact
, (Evidence) - Significant law in implementing 'Grand Apartheid' (geographical separation
of races. Law meant that White Afrikaners were the largest ethnic group in the 'new'
South Africa.
(Analysis) - Law gave Apartheid government increased control of security measures.
(Evaluation) Bantu Self Government Act came as a result of PM Verwoerd's policies
(therefore effect not cause of development, therefore less significant than role of
Verwoerd and Vorster).
Impact of Nelson Mandela on resistance to Apartheid
(Point/Evidence) - Early proponent of Civil Disobedience
(Analysis) - Defiance Campaign in 1952 - helped increased ANC membership by
100,000
(Point/Evidence/Analysis) - Helped form MK in 1961 - MK involved in fighting border
wars and overwhelming the SADF
(Point/Evidence) - Time in prison helped to inspire a new generation of activists and MK
cadres, and made him a martyr for the opposition cause and gave him credibility
amongst opposition groups, which would hep him to become ANC leader and President
of South Africa later on in the period.
However
(Counterpoint) - Mandela's 27 years in prison on Robben Island can be seen as him not
having much direct impact on resistance to Apartheid
(Evaluation) - Widespread impact (as he led both peaceful and armed struggle to end
Apartheid)
Consistent and significant impact throughout - from time leading armed struggle to
leading negations with FW De Klerk and becoming President.
Impact of Oliver Tambo on resistance to Apartheid
(Point/Evidence) - Work while in exile in London to improve international support and
funding for the ANC (i.e. from USSR). He also met with international delegates to
improve political credibility of the ANC as a government in waiting.
Met with President Reagan in the 80's to improve relations with western powers and to
stamp out fears of communist links to USSR.
(Point/Evidence) - Provided unifying figure for the ANC and other opposition groups
during recession in the 60's.
(Point/Evidence) - Advocated for the strategy of making South Africa ungovernable
during the State of Emergency (1985- c.1990)
(Analysis) - Strategy achieved through widespread Civil disobedience and strike action
alongside increased militancy which helped to cripple Apartheid.
HOWEVER
