Y106 OCR A LEVEL HISTORY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.Buy Quality Materials!
What impact did P.W. Botha and Total Strategy/Total Onslaught have on the
development/collapse of Apartheid?
Point - Increased spending on security in response to Soweto as part of 'Total Strategy'
Evidence/Analysis - Spending on security increased to 4% GDP which helped to
combat increased militancy from opposition groups but crippled to economy in a time of
recession and international embargos and sanctions. - Inflation increased to 18%.
Point - As part of the greater emphasis on security the State Security Council was
established.
Evidence/Analysis - State Security Council oversaw bombings and assassinations i.e.
Bombing the ANC headcounter's in London in 1982.
HOWEVER
Counterpoint - Total Strategy failed to prevent militancy from opposition groups i.e. MK
and Poqo and hundreds of terror attacks were carried out, as well as intense border
conflicts with neighbouring countries, this stretched the SADF to its breaking point and
decreased security.
Evaluation - Total strategy was effective to an extent but was deeply flawed, and
fundamentally doomed to fail.
What impact did Political support for the National Party (NP) have on the
development/collapse of Apartheid?
Point - "Muldergate' scandal (1977)
Evidence/Analysis - Implicated current PM Vorster and other NP party members of
bribery and corruption, which didn't help the NP's reputation which was already suffering
after The Soweto massacre in 1976.
Point - Formation of the Conservative party in 1978
Evidence/Analysis - More conservative members of the NP leave as PW Botha's
reforms are seen to be too progressive. This meant that the NP faced opposition from
both sides of the political spectrum (Conservative party and Liberal party). This meant
they would struggle to maintain a majority in elections
Point - 1989 General election shows reduced support for the NP
Evidence/Analysis - NP win election but with a reduced majority, due to growth in
, liberalism and the rise of the Conservative party. Results shows decrease support for
the NP
HOWEVER
Counterpoint - While the NP's support significantly decreased in the late 70's and 80's, it
wasn't hugely significant in the collapse of Apartheid as it didn't deter PW Botha from
implementing Total Strategy and making reforms in order to 'save' Apartheid.
Evaluation - Reduced support for the NP was significant in spelling the political climate
in the 80's, however it had no direct impact in the policies of the NP who had the power
to develop or relax Apartheid.
What impact did PW Botha's constitutional reforms have on the
development/collapse of Apartheid?
Point - Constitutional reforms aimed to revive the 'divide and rule' strategy.
Evidence/Analysis - By granting 'Coloureds' and Indians some political representation in
the form of separate parliaments PW Botha hoped to isolate the Black community and
crack down on opposition to Apartheid
Point - "Winning hearts and minds (WHAM)" Policy
Evidence/Analysis/Counterpoint - By abolishing some Petty Apartheid laws such as
Pass Laws in 1986, PW Botha hoped to strengthen Apartheid. In reality this failed as it
was seen as nothing more than a political ploy.
Point - Wiehann Report in 1981
Evidence/Analysis/Counterpoint - Report advocates equal rights for African trade
unions, which linked to the "WHAM" policy. However Black Africans experienced little
meaningful change from the policies introduce as they were meant to divide the non-
white communities.
Evaluation/Counterpoint - PW Botha's constitutional reforms were a significant turning
point in the collapse of Apartheid as some recession were being made, however they
were largely cosmetic and had no bearing on the framework of Grand Apartheid.
What impact did the 1986 State of Emergency have on the development/collapse
of Apartheid?
Point - Mass deployment of SADF shows decreasing stability of the Apartheid state.
Evidence/Analysis - SADF deployed to deal with township violence internally, and fight
neighbouring countries backed by militia groups and MK cadres. Increased recruitment
and spending demonstrates the government was struggling to maintain control of the
Apartheid state.
Point - Banning of opposition groups
ANSWERS.Buy Quality Materials!
What impact did P.W. Botha and Total Strategy/Total Onslaught have on the
development/collapse of Apartheid?
Point - Increased spending on security in response to Soweto as part of 'Total Strategy'
Evidence/Analysis - Spending on security increased to 4% GDP which helped to
combat increased militancy from opposition groups but crippled to economy in a time of
recession and international embargos and sanctions. - Inflation increased to 18%.
Point - As part of the greater emphasis on security the State Security Council was
established.
Evidence/Analysis - State Security Council oversaw bombings and assassinations i.e.
Bombing the ANC headcounter's in London in 1982.
HOWEVER
Counterpoint - Total Strategy failed to prevent militancy from opposition groups i.e. MK
and Poqo and hundreds of terror attacks were carried out, as well as intense border
conflicts with neighbouring countries, this stretched the SADF to its breaking point and
decreased security.
Evaluation - Total strategy was effective to an extent but was deeply flawed, and
fundamentally doomed to fail.
What impact did Political support for the National Party (NP) have on the
development/collapse of Apartheid?
Point - "Muldergate' scandal (1977)
Evidence/Analysis - Implicated current PM Vorster and other NP party members of
bribery and corruption, which didn't help the NP's reputation which was already suffering
after The Soweto massacre in 1976.
Point - Formation of the Conservative party in 1978
Evidence/Analysis - More conservative members of the NP leave as PW Botha's
reforms are seen to be too progressive. This meant that the NP faced opposition from
both sides of the political spectrum (Conservative party and Liberal party). This meant
they would struggle to maintain a majority in elections
Point - 1989 General election shows reduced support for the NP
Evidence/Analysis - NP win election but with a reduced majority, due to growth in
, liberalism and the rise of the Conservative party. Results shows decrease support for
the NP
HOWEVER
Counterpoint - While the NP's support significantly decreased in the late 70's and 80's, it
wasn't hugely significant in the collapse of Apartheid as it didn't deter PW Botha from
implementing Total Strategy and making reforms in order to 'save' Apartheid.
Evaluation - Reduced support for the NP was significant in spelling the political climate
in the 80's, however it had no direct impact in the policies of the NP who had the power
to develop or relax Apartheid.
What impact did PW Botha's constitutional reforms have on the
development/collapse of Apartheid?
Point - Constitutional reforms aimed to revive the 'divide and rule' strategy.
Evidence/Analysis - By granting 'Coloureds' and Indians some political representation in
the form of separate parliaments PW Botha hoped to isolate the Black community and
crack down on opposition to Apartheid
Point - "Winning hearts and minds (WHAM)" Policy
Evidence/Analysis/Counterpoint - By abolishing some Petty Apartheid laws such as
Pass Laws in 1986, PW Botha hoped to strengthen Apartheid. In reality this failed as it
was seen as nothing more than a political ploy.
Point - Wiehann Report in 1981
Evidence/Analysis/Counterpoint - Report advocates equal rights for African trade
unions, which linked to the "WHAM" policy. However Black Africans experienced little
meaningful change from the policies introduce as they were meant to divide the non-
white communities.
Evaluation/Counterpoint - PW Botha's constitutional reforms were a significant turning
point in the collapse of Apartheid as some recession were being made, however they
were largely cosmetic and had no bearing on the framework of Grand Apartheid.
What impact did the 1986 State of Emergency have on the development/collapse
of Apartheid?
Point - Mass deployment of SADF shows decreasing stability of the Apartheid state.
Evidence/Analysis - SADF deployed to deal with township violence internally, and fight
neighbouring countries backed by militia groups and MK cadres. Increased recruitment
and spending demonstrates the government was struggling to maintain control of the
Apartheid state.
Point - Banning of opposition groups
