GEO 1310 MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Globalization - -The increasing interconnectedness of people and places
through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural activities.
The most fundamental reorganization of the world's socioeconomic structure.
Ex: global communication/transportation systems
- Major components of globalization - -*Transnational corporations and
financial institutions becoming more powerful than sovereign nations
*New and more flexible forms of capital accumulation and international
financial institutions
*Global agreements promoting free-trade
*Market Economies and private enterprises replacing state controlled
economies and services
*Abundance of global goods and services
*Economic disparities between rich and poor regions
*International labors
*Globalization of labor
*Global communication and transportation systems
- Cultural Globalization - -*The spread of a global consumer culture:
implicitly imposing Western values and cultures, and tensions between
traditional local cultures (ex: fast-food franchises) *Changes in non-material
cultures like languages and values. 'Glocalization'
- Hybridization - -A process that forms of Western popular culture spread
abroad are melded with local cultural traditions. (Bulgogi McDonald meals in
Korea) (see below)
- Globalization's impact on Geopolitics - -International governmental
structure (Ex: UN), Strengthens the power of regional economic and political
organizations (EU), but weakens traditional state powers. Stronger local and
separatist movements against globalization
- Globalization and Diversity - -Homogenization of globalization vs. reaction
against it to protect cultural and political diversity. Tension between the
global and the local, Understanding the interconnectedness and
interdependency among different people and places in the world
- Spatial Perspective - -Geography is concerned with the spatial dimensions
of human experience (Where is it? Why is it there?)
, - Ecological Perspective - -Geographers inquire about connections and
relationships among life forms, ecosystems, and human societies.
- Region - -"A spatial stereotype for a portion of Earth that has some special
signature or characteristic that sets it apart from other places" A framework
of organization in the world, units of spatial similarity, shared physical
(natural), human (or social) characteristics, or the combination of multiple
traits, the boundaries are neither self-evident nor absolute, and there are
various scales. (Ex: Where is "American Midwest? American "South"?)
- Location - -Position of a point on Earth's surface expressed by means of a
grid (absolute) or in relation (relative) to the position of other places
- Frame of Reference - -Pattern of lines on a chart of a map, (latitude and
longitude) that help determine absolute location and assists in the analysis
of distribution patterns
- Latitude - -Angular distance in degrees measured north and south from
the equator
- Longitude - -Angular distance in degrees measured east and west, or from
the prime meridian to 180 degrees
- Scale (Map Scale) - -Ratio between a linear measurement on a map and
the corresponding distance on Earth's surface
- Small Scale Map - -1:1,000,000, covers large area, less detail
- Large Scale Map - -1:25,000, covers small area, greater detail
- Density - -The number of populations or objects per unit area. (per square
kilometer or square mile)
- Map Projection - -Mathematical formula by which the lines of a global grid
and the shapes of land and water bodies are transferred from a globe to a
flat surface
- Pattern - -A combination of qualities, acts, tendencies, etc, forming a
consistent or characteristic arrangement
- Diffusion - -Spread of people, ideas, technology, and products among
places over time
- Overlay - -Spatial operation in which two or more maps or layers are
superimposed for the purpose of showing the relationships between features
that occupy the same geographic space
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Globalization - -The increasing interconnectedness of people and places
through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural activities.
The most fundamental reorganization of the world's socioeconomic structure.
Ex: global communication/transportation systems
- Major components of globalization - -*Transnational corporations and
financial institutions becoming more powerful than sovereign nations
*New and more flexible forms of capital accumulation and international
financial institutions
*Global agreements promoting free-trade
*Market Economies and private enterprises replacing state controlled
economies and services
*Abundance of global goods and services
*Economic disparities between rich and poor regions
*International labors
*Globalization of labor
*Global communication and transportation systems
- Cultural Globalization - -*The spread of a global consumer culture:
implicitly imposing Western values and cultures, and tensions between
traditional local cultures (ex: fast-food franchises) *Changes in non-material
cultures like languages and values. 'Glocalization'
- Hybridization - -A process that forms of Western popular culture spread
abroad are melded with local cultural traditions. (Bulgogi McDonald meals in
Korea) (see below)
- Globalization's impact on Geopolitics - -International governmental
structure (Ex: UN), Strengthens the power of regional economic and political
organizations (EU), but weakens traditional state powers. Stronger local and
separatist movements against globalization
- Globalization and Diversity - -Homogenization of globalization vs. reaction
against it to protect cultural and political diversity. Tension between the
global and the local, Understanding the interconnectedness and
interdependency among different people and places in the world
- Spatial Perspective - -Geography is concerned with the spatial dimensions
of human experience (Where is it? Why is it there?)
, - Ecological Perspective - -Geographers inquire about connections and
relationships among life forms, ecosystems, and human societies.
- Region - -"A spatial stereotype for a portion of Earth that has some special
signature or characteristic that sets it apart from other places" A framework
of organization in the world, units of spatial similarity, shared physical
(natural), human (or social) characteristics, or the combination of multiple
traits, the boundaries are neither self-evident nor absolute, and there are
various scales. (Ex: Where is "American Midwest? American "South"?)
- Location - -Position of a point on Earth's surface expressed by means of a
grid (absolute) or in relation (relative) to the position of other places
- Frame of Reference - -Pattern of lines on a chart of a map, (latitude and
longitude) that help determine absolute location and assists in the analysis
of distribution patterns
- Latitude - -Angular distance in degrees measured north and south from
the equator
- Longitude - -Angular distance in degrees measured east and west, or from
the prime meridian to 180 degrees
- Scale (Map Scale) - -Ratio between a linear measurement on a map and
the corresponding distance on Earth's surface
- Small Scale Map - -1:1,000,000, covers large area, less detail
- Large Scale Map - -1:25,000, covers small area, greater detail
- Density - -The number of populations or objects per unit area. (per square
kilometer or square mile)
- Map Projection - -Mathematical formula by which the lines of a global grid
and the shapes of land and water bodies are transferred from a globe to a
flat surface
- Pattern - -A combination of qualities, acts, tendencies, etc, forming a
consistent or characteristic arrangement
- Diffusion - -Spread of people, ideas, technology, and products among
places over time
- Overlay - -Spatial operation in which two or more maps or layers are
superimposed for the purpose of showing the relationships between features
that occupy the same geographic space
