MD1TALK
Urinary tract infections
(UTIs)🌟
UTIs include:
Pyelonephritis: infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces,
pelvis.
Renal abscess, which may be intrarenal or perinephric.
Cystitis: inflammation of bladder.
Know that🌟 : Urinary tract and urine are normally sterile.
ETIOLOGY:
E.coli ascending from bowel, accounts for 90% of first infections
and 75% of recurrent infections.
Most nephritogenic E. coli possess P fimbriae → that binds to
uroepithelial cells and P blood group antigens.
Individuals with high-level expression of P1 blood group antigen are
predisposed to pyelonephritis , bacteremia, recurrent UTIs.
Other: Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas.
S. saprophytic, Chlamydia trachomatis, and E. coli are chief
causes of acute urethral syndrome (postcoital urethritis).
EPIDEMIOLOGY:
In the first 3 months: M affected > F
After 3 months: Female is more affected
Risk factors for UTI:
1)Female: due to short urethra.
2)Uncircumcised male.
3)Obstruction to urine flow due to:
4)Anatomic abnormalities As: Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction,
horse shoe kidney.
5)Obstruction by: nephrolithiasis (kidney stone), renal tumor.
6)Vesicoureteral reflux.
7)indwelling urinary catheter.
8)Immunodeficiency: HIV, Leukemia, Lymphoma, DM.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Vary markedly with age but UTI should be suspected in:
1)Any patient with fever + congenital anomalies of urinary tract.
Urinary tract infections
(UTIs)🌟
UTIs include:
Pyelonephritis: infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces,
pelvis.
Renal abscess, which may be intrarenal or perinephric.
Cystitis: inflammation of bladder.
Know that🌟 : Urinary tract and urine are normally sterile.
ETIOLOGY:
E.coli ascending from bowel, accounts for 90% of first infections
and 75% of recurrent infections.
Most nephritogenic E. coli possess P fimbriae → that binds to
uroepithelial cells and P blood group antigens.
Individuals with high-level expression of P1 blood group antigen are
predisposed to pyelonephritis , bacteremia, recurrent UTIs.
Other: Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas.
S. saprophytic, Chlamydia trachomatis, and E. coli are chief
causes of acute urethral syndrome (postcoital urethritis).
EPIDEMIOLOGY:
In the first 3 months: M affected > F
After 3 months: Female is more affected
Risk factors for UTI:
1)Female: due to short urethra.
2)Uncircumcised male.
3)Obstruction to urine flow due to:
4)Anatomic abnormalities As: Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction,
horse shoe kidney.
5)Obstruction by: nephrolithiasis (kidney stone), renal tumor.
6)Vesicoureteral reflux.
7)indwelling urinary catheter.
8)Immunodeficiency: HIV, Leukemia, Lymphoma, DM.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS :
Vary markedly with age but UTI should be suspected in:
1)Any patient with fever + congenital anomalies of urinary tract.
