MD1TALK
Acute gastroenteritis🌟
Definition: inflammation of the lining of the stomach and
intestines caused by viruses, bacteria or their toxins , parasites.
-Most common cause is viral.
Acute Diarrhea: passage of watery stools, 3 times or more/d, for
up 2w/5d
*in breastfed infant, the diagnosis is based on a change in stool frequency
and consistency as reported by the mother*
Chronic Diarrhea: > 4 weeks.
Mechanisms of Diarrhea:
Mechanism of Diarrhea (mainly chronic)
MD1TALK
OSMOTIC SECRETORY INFLAMMATORY
Cause Digestive enzyme ↑ secretion by Inflammation→
deficiencies or Ingestion of intestinal mucosa ↑motility
unabsorbable solute → draw
fluid and electrolyte into lumen.
Examples 1) Lactase deficiency 1) Cholera 1) Bacterial G.enteritis
2) Sorbitol or magnesium 2) Toxinogenic E.coli 2) IBS
sulfate *laxtives* 3) VIPOMA
Comments Stop with fasting Persists during Blood, mucus
No stool WBCs fasting , and WBCs in
stool +-WBC stool.
, MD1TALK
MD1TALK
Viral AGE BACTERIAL AGE Parasitic AGE
Etiologies • MCC is rotavirus Campylobacter, Giardia and
during winter Clostridium difficile, Cryptosporidium
• overall Norovirus Salmonella,
Shigella*MCC of
dysentry* ,
ETEC (is unlikely to cause
dysentery)
Presentation 1) Low-grade fever 1) High-grade fevers 1) Low-grade fever
2) Vomiting followed by with Shaking chills. and Watery stools →
copious watery Dehydration signs
2) Bloody Diarrhea with
2) differentiated
diarrhea→ Dehydration mucous (dysentery)→ from viral
signs Dehydration signs gastroenteritis by
3) Symptoms persist for 3) Abdominal pain and a prolonged course
3-8 days (self limited) rectal prolapse or history of travel
4) Seizure especially with to endemic areas
shigella dysnteria type
1*high fever*
5) fecal leukocytes
LAB:
• CBC and chem 7
• Blood ,urine ,stool culture, Fecal leukocytes
• Chest radiography, and/or LP*if bellow 18m*
• Investigation for rota virus
Acute gastroenteritis🌟
Definition: inflammation of the lining of the stomach and
intestines caused by viruses, bacteria or their toxins , parasites.
-Most common cause is viral.
Acute Diarrhea: passage of watery stools, 3 times or more/d, for
up 2w/5d
*in breastfed infant, the diagnosis is based on a change in stool frequency
and consistency as reported by the mother*
Chronic Diarrhea: > 4 weeks.
Mechanisms of Diarrhea:
Mechanism of Diarrhea (mainly chronic)
MD1TALK
OSMOTIC SECRETORY INFLAMMATORY
Cause Digestive enzyme ↑ secretion by Inflammation→
deficiencies or Ingestion of intestinal mucosa ↑motility
unabsorbable solute → draw
fluid and electrolyte into lumen.
Examples 1) Lactase deficiency 1) Cholera 1) Bacterial G.enteritis
2) Sorbitol or magnesium 2) Toxinogenic E.coli 2) IBS
sulfate *laxtives* 3) VIPOMA
Comments Stop with fasting Persists during Blood, mucus
No stool WBCs fasting , and WBCs in
stool +-WBC stool.
, MD1TALK
MD1TALK
Viral AGE BACTERIAL AGE Parasitic AGE
Etiologies • MCC is rotavirus Campylobacter, Giardia and
during winter Clostridium difficile, Cryptosporidium
• overall Norovirus Salmonella,
Shigella*MCC of
dysentry* ,
ETEC (is unlikely to cause
dysentery)
Presentation 1) Low-grade fever 1) High-grade fevers 1) Low-grade fever
2) Vomiting followed by with Shaking chills. and Watery stools →
copious watery Dehydration signs
2) Bloody Diarrhea with
2) differentiated
diarrhea→ Dehydration mucous (dysentery)→ from viral
signs Dehydration signs gastroenteritis by
3) Symptoms persist for 3) Abdominal pain and a prolonged course
3-8 days (self limited) rectal prolapse or history of travel
4) Seizure especially with to endemic areas
shigella dysnteria type
1*high fever*
5) fecal leukocytes
LAB:
• CBC and chem 7
• Blood ,urine ,stool culture, Fecal leukocytes
• Chest radiography, and/or LP*if bellow 18m*
• Investigation for rota virus
