NUR1060 CH. 18 EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
The mouth—or oral cavity—is formed by
the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palates, uvula, and the tongue and its muscles
The throat (pharynx),
located behind the mouth and nose, serves as a muscular passage for food and air. The
upper part of the throat is the nasopharynx.
below the nasopharynx lies the
oropharynx,
below the oropharynx lies the
laryngopharynx.
palatine tonsils .
Masses of lymphoid tissue; are located on both sides of the oropharynx at the end of
the soft palate between the anterior and posterior pillars
structures of the mouth
salivary glands
The superior, middle, and inferior turbinates are bony lobes, sometimes called
conchae, that
project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. These three turbinates increase the
surface area that is exposed to incoming air
nasal cavities and throat structures
Paranasal sinuses
,lined with ciliated mucous membrane that traps debris and propels it toward the outside.
sinuses are often a site of infection because they can become blocked
DISEASE PREVENTION: OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER
Teach Clients
• Avoid smoking cigarettes or using oral tobacco, or get as-sistance to stop if smoking or
chewing currently.
• Avoid excessive alcohol use.• Avoid chewing betel nuts.
• Avoid infection with HPV, which can be transmitted through oral sex or contact with
others who are infected, or seek medical assistance if infection suspected.
• Avoid excessive sun exposure (or tanning booth exposure) to lips. Use adequate
sunscreen if unable to avoid sun.
• Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, vitamin A, and gener-ally well rounded.
• Practice regular oral hygiene, using a soft tooth brush, dental floss at least two times
per day, and have routine dental care.
• If you have a weakened immune system, take extra precau-tions to avoid risks for oral
cancer.
Do you experience redness, swelling, bleeding, or pain of the gums or mouth?
How long has this been happening? Do you have any toothache? Have you lost
any permanent teeth?
Red, swollen gums that bleed easily occur in early gum disease (gingi-vitis), whereas
destruction of the gums with tooth loss occurs in more advanced gum disease
(periodontitis). Dental pain may occur with dental caries, abscesses, or sensitive teeth.
, OLDER ADULT CONSIDERATIONS: The gums recede, become ischemic, and
undergo fibrotic changes as a person ages. Tooth surfaces may be worn from pro-
longed use. These changes make the older client more susceptible to periodontal
disease and tooth loss.
Do you have pain over your sinuses (cavities around nasal passages)?
Pain, tenderness, swelling and pressure around the eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead is
seen in acute sinusitis, which is a temporary infection of the sinuses. In chronic sinusitis,
the sinuses become inflamed and swollen, but symptoms last 12 weeks or longer even
with treatment
Do you experience nosebleeds? Describe the amount of bleeding you have and
how often it occurs. What color is the blood?
Nosebleeds are most commonly due to dry nasal membranes and nose pick-ing. Other
causes include acute and chronic sinusitis, allergies, anticoagu-lants, cocaine use,
common colds, deviated septum, foreign body in nose, nasal sprays, nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, chemical irritants, nonallergic rhinitis, or nose
trauma
Refer a client who experiences frequent nosebleeds for further evaluation
Do you experience frequent clear or mucous drainage from your nose?
Thin, watery, clear nasal drainage (rhinorrhea) can indicate a chronic allergy or, in a
client with a past head injury, a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Mucous drainage, especially
yellow, is typical of a cold, rhinitis, or a sinus infection.
Can you breathe through both of your nostrils? Do you have a stuffy nose at
times during the day or night?.
CORRECT SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
The mouth—or oral cavity—is formed by
the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palates, uvula, and the tongue and its muscles
The throat (pharynx),
located behind the mouth and nose, serves as a muscular passage for food and air. The
upper part of the throat is the nasopharynx.
below the nasopharynx lies the
oropharynx,
below the oropharynx lies the
laryngopharynx.
palatine tonsils .
Masses of lymphoid tissue; are located on both sides of the oropharynx at the end of
the soft palate between the anterior and posterior pillars
structures of the mouth
salivary glands
The superior, middle, and inferior turbinates are bony lobes, sometimes called
conchae, that
project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. These three turbinates increase the
surface area that is exposed to incoming air
nasal cavities and throat structures
Paranasal sinuses
,lined with ciliated mucous membrane that traps debris and propels it toward the outside.
sinuses are often a site of infection because they can become blocked
DISEASE PREVENTION: OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER
Teach Clients
• Avoid smoking cigarettes or using oral tobacco, or get as-sistance to stop if smoking or
chewing currently.
• Avoid excessive alcohol use.• Avoid chewing betel nuts.
• Avoid infection with HPV, which can be transmitted through oral sex or contact with
others who are infected, or seek medical assistance if infection suspected.
• Avoid excessive sun exposure (or tanning booth exposure) to lips. Use adequate
sunscreen if unable to avoid sun.
• Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, vitamin A, and gener-ally well rounded.
• Practice regular oral hygiene, using a soft tooth brush, dental floss at least two times
per day, and have routine dental care.
• If you have a weakened immune system, take extra precau-tions to avoid risks for oral
cancer.
Do you experience redness, swelling, bleeding, or pain of the gums or mouth?
How long has this been happening? Do you have any toothache? Have you lost
any permanent teeth?
Red, swollen gums that bleed easily occur in early gum disease (gingi-vitis), whereas
destruction of the gums with tooth loss occurs in more advanced gum disease
(periodontitis). Dental pain may occur with dental caries, abscesses, or sensitive teeth.
, OLDER ADULT CONSIDERATIONS: The gums recede, become ischemic, and
undergo fibrotic changes as a person ages. Tooth surfaces may be worn from pro-
longed use. These changes make the older client more susceptible to periodontal
disease and tooth loss.
Do you have pain over your sinuses (cavities around nasal passages)?
Pain, tenderness, swelling and pressure around the eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead is
seen in acute sinusitis, which is a temporary infection of the sinuses. In chronic sinusitis,
the sinuses become inflamed and swollen, but symptoms last 12 weeks or longer even
with treatment
Do you experience nosebleeds? Describe the amount of bleeding you have and
how often it occurs. What color is the blood?
Nosebleeds are most commonly due to dry nasal membranes and nose pick-ing. Other
causes include acute and chronic sinusitis, allergies, anticoagu-lants, cocaine use,
common colds, deviated septum, foreign body in nose, nasal sprays, nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, chemical irritants, nonallergic rhinitis, or nose
trauma
Refer a client who experiences frequent nosebleeds for further evaluation
Do you experience frequent clear or mucous drainage from your nose?
Thin, watery, clear nasal drainage (rhinorrhea) can indicate a chronic allergy or, in a
client with a past head injury, a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Mucous drainage, especially
yellow, is typical of a cold, rhinitis, or a sinus infection.
Can you breathe through both of your nostrils? Do you have a stuffy nose at
times during the day or night?.
