PULMONARY NEOPLASMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
GRADED .Buy Quality Materials!
Lecture Overview
Dont worry about treatment
Focus on the presentation of the different cancers
Pulmonary Neoplasms Overview
•"Pulmonary neoplasms" is a term used to describe a heterogenous group of diseases
that affect the lungs
•Pulmonary Neoplasms can be malignant (cancerous) or benign
•Treatment & prognosis highly variable and will depend on the condition
Lung Cancer Facts
•Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths both in the USA and worldwide
- Lung cancer is responsible for about 1 in 5 cancer deaths
•Lung cancer is third most common form of cancer in USA
- After breast and prostate cancer
•Lung cancer rates are declining and treatments are improving
•Smoking is associated with about 85% of all lung cancers
•Early screening for high risk patients can help to catch lung cancer early and improve
treatment
Lung Cancer Patient Presentation
•Lung Cancer may be suspected based on:
1. Patient History + Signs/Symptoms
2. Incidental CXR Findings
3. Annual Screening CT Exam
•If Lung Cancer is suspected a tissue biopsy is needed for diagnosis confirmation
- “If the rumor is tumor, tissue is the issue”
Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer
•Chronic cough is the most common symptom of lung cancer
•Other symptoms include:
- Hemoptysis
- Weight Loss
- SOB/Dyspnea on exertion
- Loss of appetite
- Night Sweats
- Weakness
•These symptoms often overlap with other respiratory conditions (COPD, TB)
Just BREATHE
, •Mnemonic for Lung Cancer Symptoms -BREATHE
B – Blood in cough
R – Recurring respiratory infections
E – Enduring cough that is new or different
A – Aches or pain in shoulder, back or chest
T – Trouble breathing
H – Hoarseness or wheezing
E – Exhaustion, weakness or loss of appetite
Risk Factors for Lung Cancer
•Smoking is by far the largest risk factor associated with Lung Cancer
•Dose dependent relationship
More Risk Factors for Lung Cancer
•Other risk factors for lung cancer:
- Radon Exposure (second after smoking)
- Asbestos Exposure (mesothelioma)
- Environmental pollution and genetics
What About Smoking Marijuana?
No direct relationship with lung cancer
Lung Cancer Screening
•2023 Guidelines by the American Cancer Society recommends annual low-dose CT
scan screening for high-risk individuals
•High risk individuals defined as people between the ages of 50 to 80 years with
≥20 pack-year history of smoking who have quit in the last 15 years or is a current
smoker
Lung Cancer Screening USPF
Pic
Diagnostic Imaging
- CXR are first diagnostic imaging
- Every pt you suspect with cancer start with CXR
- Often you need a CT scan, even if CXR is normal.
•CXR often shows pulmonary nodules or pulmonary masses
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules
Next few slides
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
•Solitary pulmonary nodules may be seen as an incidental finding on CXR
- can be benign or malignant
•Most solitary nodules are benign… but still need to be treated as cancer until proven
otherwise…
•New nodules seen on CXR need a CT scan as next step in work-up, maybe
biopsy as well
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules CXR
•Solitary pulmonary nodules will show up as a gray circular density in the lungs
•Calcified nodules will be whiter
•Pulmonary Nodules are defined as a lesion less than 3cm in diameter
•More than 3 cm is called a mass
GRADED .Buy Quality Materials!
Lecture Overview
Dont worry about treatment
Focus on the presentation of the different cancers
Pulmonary Neoplasms Overview
•"Pulmonary neoplasms" is a term used to describe a heterogenous group of diseases
that affect the lungs
•Pulmonary Neoplasms can be malignant (cancerous) or benign
•Treatment & prognosis highly variable and will depend on the condition
Lung Cancer Facts
•Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths both in the USA and worldwide
- Lung cancer is responsible for about 1 in 5 cancer deaths
•Lung cancer is third most common form of cancer in USA
- After breast and prostate cancer
•Lung cancer rates are declining and treatments are improving
•Smoking is associated with about 85% of all lung cancers
•Early screening for high risk patients can help to catch lung cancer early and improve
treatment
Lung Cancer Patient Presentation
•Lung Cancer may be suspected based on:
1. Patient History + Signs/Symptoms
2. Incidental CXR Findings
3. Annual Screening CT Exam
•If Lung Cancer is suspected a tissue biopsy is needed for diagnosis confirmation
- “If the rumor is tumor, tissue is the issue”
Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer
•Chronic cough is the most common symptom of lung cancer
•Other symptoms include:
- Hemoptysis
- Weight Loss
- SOB/Dyspnea on exertion
- Loss of appetite
- Night Sweats
- Weakness
•These symptoms often overlap with other respiratory conditions (COPD, TB)
Just BREATHE
, •Mnemonic for Lung Cancer Symptoms -BREATHE
B – Blood in cough
R – Recurring respiratory infections
E – Enduring cough that is new or different
A – Aches or pain in shoulder, back or chest
T – Trouble breathing
H – Hoarseness or wheezing
E – Exhaustion, weakness or loss of appetite
Risk Factors for Lung Cancer
•Smoking is by far the largest risk factor associated with Lung Cancer
•Dose dependent relationship
More Risk Factors for Lung Cancer
•Other risk factors for lung cancer:
- Radon Exposure (second after smoking)
- Asbestos Exposure (mesothelioma)
- Environmental pollution and genetics
What About Smoking Marijuana?
No direct relationship with lung cancer
Lung Cancer Screening
•2023 Guidelines by the American Cancer Society recommends annual low-dose CT
scan screening for high-risk individuals
•High risk individuals defined as people between the ages of 50 to 80 years with
≥20 pack-year history of smoking who have quit in the last 15 years or is a current
smoker
Lung Cancer Screening USPF
Pic
Diagnostic Imaging
- CXR are first diagnostic imaging
- Every pt you suspect with cancer start with CXR
- Often you need a CT scan, even if CXR is normal.
•CXR often shows pulmonary nodules or pulmonary masses
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules
Next few slides
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
•Solitary pulmonary nodules may be seen as an incidental finding on CXR
- can be benign or malignant
•Most solitary nodules are benign… but still need to be treated as cancer until proven
otherwise…
•New nodules seen on CXR need a CT scan as next step in work-up, maybe
biopsy as well
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules CXR
•Solitary pulmonary nodules will show up as a gray circular density in the lungs
•Calcified nodules will be whiter
•Pulmonary Nodules are defined as a lesion less than 3cm in diameter
•More than 3 cm is called a mass
