Fresenius New Hire Exam
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1. The urinary sys- 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, and a urethra
tem is made up of?
2. What is a Functional units of the kidney
nephron?
3. What is the Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules
nephron com-
posed of?
4. What are the 7 Acid/Base balance
functions of a kid- Water balance
ney? Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood pressure regulation
Erythropoietin production
Vitamin D metabolism
5. What are the func- Remove waste
tions of a healthy Regulates fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes and
kidney? acid base balance, synthesize calcitriol
Secrete erythropoietin - stimulates bone marrow to
make RBCs
Release renin - increases bp
6. What is GFR in the Stage 1 - Normal function 90+
5 stages of kidney Stage 2 - Mild reduced 60-89
disease? Stage 3 - Moderately reduced 30-59
Stage 4 - Severely reduced 15-29
Stage 5 - Chronic kidney disease <15
7. What are the types Acute - sudden, severe, and usually reversible
and stages of kid- Chronic - slow onset, progressive, permanent
ney failure?
8. What are classic Fluid overload
signs of renal fail- SOB
ure or uremia? Hypertension
Proteinuria
, Fresenius New Hire Exam
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9. What are 3 modal- Hemodialysis
ities of treatment Peritoneal dialysis
for End-Stage Re- Transplantation
nal disease?
10. What is the dif- Hemodialysis - usually outpatient setting, can be done
ference between at home
hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis - done in the patients home
peritoneal dialy-
sis?
11. When is it known Patients develop mild to severe reactions in some cas-
that a patient has es, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneez-
developed sensi- ing, itching, pain at the access site, chest pain, rashing,
tivity to a dialyzer? hives, fever.
12. What are the Intracellular - inside the cells
body fluid com- Extracellular - outside the cells Intravascular - inside the
partments? blood vessels Interstitial - between the cells
13. Diffusion higher to lower concentration
14. Osmosis lower to higher concentration
15. Ultrafiltration Uses both negative and positive pressure to remove
excess fluid
16. Why is water used Water contains contaminants, electrolytes, and impu-
for dialysis treat- rities. Patients are exposed to large volumes of water
ment? during dialysis treatment, removed to protect patient
17. What is chlo- Chloramine - bleach and ammonia
ramine and how Chlorine - bleach
is it different from
chlorine?
18. What is the diasafe Found on back of hemodialysis machine that allows for
filter? the delivery of ultrapure dialysate.
19.
, Fresenius New Hire Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g2lxzv
What factors im- Temperature
pact the rate of dif- Molecular weight of solutes
fusion? Nature of the solution
Membrane permeability
Surface area
Flow geometry convection
Concentration gradient
20. What happens to Diffusion in decreased
diffusion when di-
alyzer fibers clot?
21. At what point dur- Until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the
ing the hemodial- patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration
ysis treatment will in the dialysate.
diffusion cease to
occur?
22. What is the largest Pressure
factor that impacts
ultrafiltration?
23. What happens Blood is not cleaned and adequacy will decrease.
when the dialysate
flow is turned off
during the treat-
ment?
24. What are the com- Blood compartment separated by a semi-permeable
partments of the membrane.
dialyzer and what
separates them?
25. What is Membrane made from protein, with small pores and
a semi-permeable holes. RBCs and proteins are too large to pass. Urea,
membrane? sodium, potassium, and water can pass.
26. What is a counter- Blood and dialysate that flow in opposite directions.
current flow?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g2lxzv
1. The urinary sys- 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a bladder, and a urethra
tem is made up of?
2. What is a Functional units of the kidney
nephron?
3. What is the Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules
nephron com-
posed of?
4. What are the 7 Acid/Base balance
functions of a kid- Water balance
ney? Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood pressure regulation
Erythropoietin production
Vitamin D metabolism
5. What are the func- Remove waste
tions of a healthy Regulates fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes and
kidney? acid base balance, synthesize calcitriol
Secrete erythropoietin - stimulates bone marrow to
make RBCs
Release renin - increases bp
6. What is GFR in the Stage 1 - Normal function 90+
5 stages of kidney Stage 2 - Mild reduced 60-89
disease? Stage 3 - Moderately reduced 30-59
Stage 4 - Severely reduced 15-29
Stage 5 - Chronic kidney disease <15
7. What are the types Acute - sudden, severe, and usually reversible
and stages of kid- Chronic - slow onset, progressive, permanent
ney failure?
8. What are classic Fluid overload
signs of renal fail- SOB
ure or uremia? Hypertension
Proteinuria
, Fresenius New Hire Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g2lxzv
9. What are 3 modal- Hemodialysis
ities of treatment Peritoneal dialysis
for End-Stage Re- Transplantation
nal disease?
10. What is the dif- Hemodialysis - usually outpatient setting, can be done
ference between at home
hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis - done in the patients home
peritoneal dialy-
sis?
11. When is it known Patients develop mild to severe reactions in some cas-
that a patient has es, usually seen the first half hour of treatment. Sneez-
developed sensi- ing, itching, pain at the access site, chest pain, rashing,
tivity to a dialyzer? hives, fever.
12. What are the Intracellular - inside the cells
body fluid com- Extracellular - outside the cells Intravascular - inside the
partments? blood vessels Interstitial - between the cells
13. Diffusion higher to lower concentration
14. Osmosis lower to higher concentration
15. Ultrafiltration Uses both negative and positive pressure to remove
excess fluid
16. Why is water used Water contains contaminants, electrolytes, and impu-
for dialysis treat- rities. Patients are exposed to large volumes of water
ment? during dialysis treatment, removed to protect patient
17. What is chlo- Chloramine - bleach and ammonia
ramine and how Chlorine - bleach
is it different from
chlorine?
18. What is the diasafe Found on back of hemodialysis machine that allows for
filter? the delivery of ultrapure dialysate.
19.
, Fresenius New Hire Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g2lxzv
What factors im- Temperature
pact the rate of dif- Molecular weight of solutes
fusion? Nature of the solution
Membrane permeability
Surface area
Flow geometry convection
Concentration gradient
20. What happens to Diffusion in decreased
diffusion when di-
alyzer fibers clot?
21. At what point dur- Until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the
ing the hemodial- patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration
ysis treatment will in the dialysate.
diffusion cease to
occur?
22. What is the largest Pressure
factor that impacts
ultrafiltration?
23. What happens Blood is not cleaned and adequacy will decrease.
when the dialysate
flow is turned off
during the treat-
ment?
24. What are the com- Blood compartment separated by a semi-permeable
partments of the membrane.
dialyzer and what
separates them?
25. What is Membrane made from protein, with small pores and
a semi-permeable holes. RBCs and proteins are too large to pass. Urea,
membrane? sodium, potassium, and water can pass.
26. What is a counter- Blood and dialysate that flow in opposite directions.
current flow?
