Microbiology Midterm Exam - Jersey College
Which of the following terms refers to the genetic makeup of an organism? - ANSWER
Genotype
Where can the DNA of prokaryotic cells be found? - ANSWER nucleoid
Which of the following nitrogen bases is found only in RNA and NOT in DNA? -
ANSWER Uracil
Which direction are phosphodiester bonds of DNA usually built in? - ANSWER 5' → 3'
RNA differs from DNA in all of the following ways except - ANSWER RNA has
directionality
The primary flow of genetic information in cells is from? - ANSWER DNA → RNA →
protein.
DNA replication is - ANSWER going to result in relatively few mutations.
Which of the following statements about the primosome is false? - ANSWER The
primosome includes RNA polymerase to build the protein.
Helicase? - ANSWER unwinds the DNA.
As replication proceeds in a prokaryotic cell, how many replication forks exist on one
chromosome? - ANSWER 2
Which of the following statements about the lagging strand is false? - ANSWER It uses
only one molecule of DNA polymerase I.
Eukaryotic replication differs from prokaryotic replication, because eukaryotic replication
- ANSWER involves only one circular chromosome.
Which of the following statements about protein synthesis is false? - ANSWER Protein
synthesis has two main stages: replication and transcription.
Which of the following statements about transcription in prokaryotes in false? -
ANSWER It occurs in the nucleus.
________ RNA carries a genetic message in triplet code (codons) and is translated to
build a protein. - ANSWER Messenger
The genetic code - ANSWER contains sense codons and nonsense codons.
, Which of the following statements about reverse transcription is false? - ANSWER
Reverse transcription requires a particular initiation sequence
Introns? - ANSWER are sometimes left in the mRNA sequence for alternative splicing.
Which of the following statements is false? - ANSWER Four amino acids are considered
nonstandard.
Which of the following statements about post-translational modifications is false? -
ANSWER Post-translational modifications can include the addition of extra amino acids.
Which of the following statements about constitutive genes is false? - ANSWER
Constitutive genes produce their proteins when a cell encounters a specific
environmental change.
Which of the following statements about pre-transcriptional regulation is false? -
ANSWER It is the one way cells can manage to control protein synthesis
Which of the following statements about an inducible operon is false? - ANSWER When
off, RNA polymerase is blocked by the operator.
Which of the following statements is true about epigenetic regulation? - ANSWER
Epigenetic regulation is a way to control protein synthesis
Which of the following statements is false about quorum sensing? - ANSWER Bacteria
that experience quorum sensing have a decreased chance of survival
All of the following are examples of post-transcriptional regulation except - ANSWER
cells can regulate translation by methylating certain DNA nucleotides.
Which of the following statements about mutations is false? - ANSWER Multicellular
organisms evolve faster than unicellular organisms.
Which of the following terms is correctly matched with its description? - ANSWER
Insertion mutations: Occur when a cell adds one or more nucleotides to its genome
sequence.
A ________ mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein. -
ANSWER Silent
Frameshift mutations can do all of the following except? - ANSWER substitute one
amino acid for another
Naturally occurring mutations are often referred to as ________ mutations. - ANSWER
spontaneous
Which of the following terms refers to the genetic makeup of an organism? - ANSWER
Genotype
Where can the DNA of prokaryotic cells be found? - ANSWER nucleoid
Which of the following nitrogen bases is found only in RNA and NOT in DNA? -
ANSWER Uracil
Which direction are phosphodiester bonds of DNA usually built in? - ANSWER 5' → 3'
RNA differs from DNA in all of the following ways except - ANSWER RNA has
directionality
The primary flow of genetic information in cells is from? - ANSWER DNA → RNA →
protein.
DNA replication is - ANSWER going to result in relatively few mutations.
Which of the following statements about the primosome is false? - ANSWER The
primosome includes RNA polymerase to build the protein.
Helicase? - ANSWER unwinds the DNA.
As replication proceeds in a prokaryotic cell, how many replication forks exist on one
chromosome? - ANSWER 2
Which of the following statements about the lagging strand is false? - ANSWER It uses
only one molecule of DNA polymerase I.
Eukaryotic replication differs from prokaryotic replication, because eukaryotic replication
- ANSWER involves only one circular chromosome.
Which of the following statements about protein synthesis is false? - ANSWER Protein
synthesis has two main stages: replication and transcription.
Which of the following statements about transcription in prokaryotes in false? -
ANSWER It occurs in the nucleus.
________ RNA carries a genetic message in triplet code (codons) and is translated to
build a protein. - ANSWER Messenger
The genetic code - ANSWER contains sense codons and nonsense codons.
, Which of the following statements about reverse transcription is false? - ANSWER
Reverse transcription requires a particular initiation sequence
Introns? - ANSWER are sometimes left in the mRNA sequence for alternative splicing.
Which of the following statements is false? - ANSWER Four amino acids are considered
nonstandard.
Which of the following statements about post-translational modifications is false? -
ANSWER Post-translational modifications can include the addition of extra amino acids.
Which of the following statements about constitutive genes is false? - ANSWER
Constitutive genes produce their proteins when a cell encounters a specific
environmental change.
Which of the following statements about pre-transcriptional regulation is false? -
ANSWER It is the one way cells can manage to control protein synthesis
Which of the following statements about an inducible operon is false? - ANSWER When
off, RNA polymerase is blocked by the operator.
Which of the following statements is true about epigenetic regulation? - ANSWER
Epigenetic regulation is a way to control protein synthesis
Which of the following statements is false about quorum sensing? - ANSWER Bacteria
that experience quorum sensing have a decreased chance of survival
All of the following are examples of post-transcriptional regulation except - ANSWER
cells can regulate translation by methylating certain DNA nucleotides.
Which of the following statements about mutations is false? - ANSWER Multicellular
organisms evolve faster than unicellular organisms.
Which of the following terms is correctly matched with its description? - ANSWER
Insertion mutations: Occur when a cell adds one or more nucleotides to its genome
sequence.
A ________ mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein. -
ANSWER Silent
Frameshift mutations can do all of the following except? - ANSWER substitute one
amino acid for another
Naturally occurring mutations are often referred to as ________ mutations. - ANSWER
spontaneous
