SOLUTIONS MANUAL
JAMES LAPP
STATISTICS:
THE ART AND SCIENCE
OF LEARNING FROM DATA
FIFTH EDITION
Alan Agresti
University of Florida
Christine Franklin
University of Georgia
Bernhard Klingenberg
Williams College and New College of Florida
,The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the
development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and
publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation
contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.
Reproduced by Pearson from electronic files supplied by the author.
Copyright © 2021, 2017, 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. 221 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-655984-9
ISBN-10: 0-13-655984-0
, 7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV
&KDSWHU6WDWLVWLFV
7KH$UWDQG6FLHQFHRI/HDUQLQJ)URP'DWD
8VLQJ'DWDWR$QVZHU6WDWLVWLFDO4XHVWLRQV
6DPSOH9HUVXV3RSXODWLRQ
2UJDQL]LQJ'DWD6WDWLVWLFDO6RIWZDUHDQGWKH1HZ)LHOGRI'DWD6FLHQFH
&KDSWHU([SORULQJ'DWD:LWK*UDSKVDQG1XPHULFDO6XPPDULHV
'LIIHUHQW7\SHVRI'DWD
*UDSKLFDO6XPPDULHVRI'DWD
0HDVXULQJWKH&HQWHURI4XDQWLWDWLYH'DWD
0HDVXULQJWKH9DULDELOLW\RI4XDQWLWDWLYH'DWD
8VLQJ0HDVXUHVRI3RVLWLRQWR'HVFULEH9DULDELOLW\
/LQHDU7UDQVIRUPDWLRQVDQG6WDQGDUGL]LQJ
5HFRJQL]LQJDQG$YRLGLQJ0LVXVHVRI*UDSKLFDO6XPPDULHV
&KDSWHU([SORULQJ5HODWLRQVKLSV%HWZHHQ7ZR9DULDEOHV
7KH$VVRFLDWLRQ%HWZHHQ7ZR&DWHJRULFDO9DULDEOHV
7KH5HODWLRQVKLS%HWZHHQ7ZR4XDQWLWDWLYH9DULDEOHV
/LQHDU5HJUHVVLRQ
3UHGLFWLQJWKH2XWFRPHRID9DULDEOH
&DXWLRQVLQ$QDO\]LQJ$VVRFLDWLRQV
&KDSWHU*DWKHULQJ'DWD
([SHULPHQWDODQG2EVHUYDWLRQDO6WXGLHV
*RRGDQG3RRU:D\VWR6DPSOH
*RRGDQG3RRU:D\VWR([SHULPHQW
2WKHU:D\VWR&RQGXFW([SHULPHQWDODQG1RQH[SHULPHQWDO6WXGLHV
3DUW5HYLHZ
*DWKHULQJDQG([SORULQJ'DWD5±
&KDSWHU3UREDELOLW\LQ2XU'DLO\/LYHV
+RZ3UREDELOLW\4XDQWLILHV5DQGRPQHVV
)LQGLQJ3UREDELOLWLHV
&RQGLWLRQDO3UREDELOLW\
$SSO\LQJWKH3UREDELOLW\5XOHV
&KDSWHU5DQGRP9DULDEOHVDQG3UREDELOLW\'LVWULEXWLRQV
6XPPDUL]LQJ3RVVLEOH2XWFRPHVDQG7KHLU3UREDELOLWLHV
3UREDELOLWLHVIRU%HOO6KDSHG'LVWULEXWLRQV
7KH1RUPDO'LVWULEXWLRQ
3UREDELOLWLHV:KHQ(DFK2EVHUYDWLRQ+DV7ZR3RVVLEOH2XWFRPHV
7KH%LQRPLDO
'LVWULEXWLRQ
&KDSWHU6DPSOLQJ'LVWULEXWLRQV
+RZ6DPSOH3URSRUWLRQV9DU\$URXQGWKH3RSXODWLRQ3URSRUWLRQ
+RZ6DPSOH0HDQV9DU\$URXQGWKH3RSXODWLRQ0HDQ
8VLQJWKH%RRWVWUDSWR)LQG6DPSOLQJ'LVWULEXWLRQV
3DUW5HYLHZ
3UREDELOLW\3UREDELOLW\'LVWULEXWLRQVDQG6DPSOLQJ'LVWULEXWLRQV5±
&KDSWHU6WDWLVWLFDO,QIHUHQFH
&RQILGHQFH,QWHUYDOV
3RLQWDQG,QWHUYDO(VWLPDWHVRI3RSXODWLRQ3DUDPHWHUV
&RQILGHQFH,QWHUYDOIRUD3RSXODWLRQ3URSRUWLRQ
&RQILGHQFH,QWHUYDOIRUD3RSXODWLRQ0HDQ
%RRWVWUDS&RQILGHQFH,QWHUYDOV
, &KDSWHU
6WDWLVWLFDO,QIHUHQFH
6LJQLILFDQFH7HVWV$ERXW+\SRWKHVHV
6WHSVIRU3HUIRUPLQJD6LJQLILFDQFH7HVW
6LJQLILFDQFH7HVW$ERXWD3URSRUWLRQ
6LJQLILFDQFH7HVW$ERXWD0HDQ
'HFLVLRQVDQG7\SHVRI(UURUVLQ6LJQLILFDQFH7HVWV
/LPLWDWLRQVRI6LJQLILFDQFH7HVWV
7KH/LNHOLKRRGRID7\SH,,(UURUDQGWKH3RZHURID7HVW
&KDSWHU&RPSDULQJ7ZR*URXSV
&DWHJRULFDO5HVSRQVH
&RPSDULQJ7ZR3URSRUWLRQV
4XDQWLWDWLYH5HVSRQVH
&RPSDULQJ7ZR0HDQV
&RPSDULQJ7ZR*URXSV:LWK%RRWVWUDSRU3HUPXWDWLRQ5HVDPSOLQJ
$QDO\]LQJ'HSHQGHQW6DPSOHV
$GMXVWLQJIRUWKH(IIHFWVRI2WKHU9DULDEOHV
3DUW5HYLHZ
6WDWLVWLFDO,QIHUHQFH0HWKRGV5±
&KDSWHU&DWHJRULFDO'DWD$QDO\VLV
,QGHSHQGHQFHDQG'HSHQGHQFH $VVRFLDWLRQ
7HVWLQJ&DWHJRULFDO9DULDEOHVIRU,QGHSHQGHQFH
'HWHUPLQLQJWKH6WUHQJWKRIWKH$VVRFLDWLRQ
8VLQJ5HVLGXDOVWR5HYHDOWKH3DWWHUQRI$VVRFLDWLRQ
)LVKHU¶V([DFWDQG3HUPXWDWLRQ7HVWV
&KDSWHU5HJUHVVLRQ$QDO\VLV
7KH/LQHDU5HJUHVVLRQ0RGHO
,QIHUHQFH$ERXW0RGHO3DUDPHWHUVDQGWKH5HODWLRQVKLS
'HVFULELQJWKH6WUHQJWKRIWKH5HODWLRQVKLS
+RZWKH'DWD9DU\$URXQGWKH5HJUHVVLRQ/LQH
([SRQHQWLDO5HJUHVVLRQ
$0RGHOIRU1RQOLQHDULW\
&KDSWHU0XOWLSOH5HJUHVVLRQ
8VLQJ6HYHUDO9DULDEOHVWR3UHGLFWD5HVSRQVH
([WHQGLQJWKH&RUUHODWLRQ&RHIILFLHQWDQGRIRU0XOWLSOH5HJUHVVLRQ
,QIHUHQFHV8VLQJ0XOWLSOH5HJUHVVLRQ
&KHFNLQJD5HJUHVVLRQ0RGHO8VLQJ5HVLGXDO3ORWV
5HJUHVVLRQDQG&DWHJRULFDO3UHGLFWRUV
0RGHOLQJD&DWHJRULFDO5HVSRQVH
/RJLVWLF5HJUHVVLRQ
&KDSWHU&RPSDULQJ*URXSV
$QDO\VLVRI9DULDQFH0HWKRGV
2QH:D\$129$
&RPSDULQJ6HYHUDO0HDQV
(VWLPDWLQJ'LIIHUHQFHVLQ*URXSVIRUD6LQJOH)DFWRU
7ZR:D\$129$
([SORULQJ7ZR)DFWRUVDQG7KHLU,QWHUDFWLRQ
&KDSWHU1RQSDUDPHWULF6WDWLVWLFV
&RPSDUH7ZR*URXSVE\5DQNLQJ
1RQSDUDPHWULF0HWKRGVIRU6HYHUDO*URXSVDQGIRU'HSHQGHQW6DPSOHV
3DUW5HYLHZ
$QDO\]LQJ$VVRFLDWLRQV5±