NUR 2204 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
bruit
abnormal blowing, swishing, or murmuring sound, caused by turbulent blood flow, rough
area of arteriosclerosis; heard during auscultation; might be found in CAROTID
ARTERY
bell of stethoscope
ecchymosis
VASCULAR/PURPURIC LESION
purplish patch/bruise caused by extraversion of blood into skin; larger than petehiae
-round/irregular
-nonblanchable
-can be black, yellow, or green
-associated with trauma, bleeding tendencies, vascular wall destruction, vasculitis
petechiae
VASCULAR/PURPURIC LESION
minute red/purple hemorrhagic spots in skin; pinhead size (less than .5 cm)
-associated with bleeding tendencies, emboli to skin. intravascular defects, and infection
-nonblanchable
nasolabial folds
smile lines
turgor
,pulling skin up to test for normal skin tone, tension, elasticity, and hydration --> skin
becomes less elastic with age
palpebral fissures
lid slit in inner and outer corners of eyes between the white spot
pruritus
itching
jaundice
yellowing of skin, eye whites, or mucous membranes due to a deposit of bile pigments
related to excess bilirubin in blood
-often seen in clients with liver or gallbladder disease, hemolysis, and some anemias
cyanosis
bluish/gray coloring of skin due to decreased amounts of hemoglobin in blood;
suggesting reduced oxygenation mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and lips in dark
skin individuals
clubbing
enlargement of fingertips and flattening of the angle between fingernail and nailbed, as
a result of heart and or lung disease (lack of oxygen = hypoxia)
> 180 DEGREES!!!
erythema
redness due to capillary dilation
edema
,accumulation of fluid in body tissues, which may cause swelling best checked in
ankles
--> sign of heart failure, kidney disease, or peripheral vascular problems
alopecia
loss of hair
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Epistaxis
nose bleed
Vertigo
dizziness
Presbycusis
normal elderly hearing loss
accommodation
adjustment of the eye for long/short distances by relaxation/contraction of the ciliary
muscles
--> bring an object close to the patient's face so the pupils converge
amblyopia
partial or complete loss of vision in one eye --> brain favors one eye
consensual reaction to light
contraction of the pupil of the FELLOW eye in consensus with the pupil of the
illuminated eye
convergence
, coordinated turning of eyes toward eachother to look at an object
direct reaction to light
constriction of a pupil when light enters through
exophthalamos
eyes bulge out of the face
nystagmus
oscillations when the eyes look sideways --> jerky eye movements
presbyopia
inability to see close (farsighted) --> age related
ptosis
drooping of lid
strabismus
cross eyed in one eye
Ascites
fluid collection in the abdomen due to liver disease
Borborgymus
hyperactive bowel sounds (rushing sounds) often occurs with diarrheal illness
Dimpling
also known as puckering; can be sign of cancer best observed with patient seated
with arms up
Guarding
voluntaring; sign of unrelaxed abdomen and muscular resistance
Mammogram
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
bruit
abnormal blowing, swishing, or murmuring sound, caused by turbulent blood flow, rough
area of arteriosclerosis; heard during auscultation; might be found in CAROTID
ARTERY
bell of stethoscope
ecchymosis
VASCULAR/PURPURIC LESION
purplish patch/bruise caused by extraversion of blood into skin; larger than petehiae
-round/irregular
-nonblanchable
-can be black, yellow, or green
-associated with trauma, bleeding tendencies, vascular wall destruction, vasculitis
petechiae
VASCULAR/PURPURIC LESION
minute red/purple hemorrhagic spots in skin; pinhead size (less than .5 cm)
-associated with bleeding tendencies, emboli to skin. intravascular defects, and infection
-nonblanchable
nasolabial folds
smile lines
turgor
,pulling skin up to test for normal skin tone, tension, elasticity, and hydration --> skin
becomes less elastic with age
palpebral fissures
lid slit in inner and outer corners of eyes between the white spot
pruritus
itching
jaundice
yellowing of skin, eye whites, or mucous membranes due to a deposit of bile pigments
related to excess bilirubin in blood
-often seen in clients with liver or gallbladder disease, hemolysis, and some anemias
cyanosis
bluish/gray coloring of skin due to decreased amounts of hemoglobin in blood;
suggesting reduced oxygenation mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and lips in dark
skin individuals
clubbing
enlargement of fingertips and flattening of the angle between fingernail and nailbed, as
a result of heart and or lung disease (lack of oxygen = hypoxia)
> 180 DEGREES!!!
erythema
redness due to capillary dilation
edema
,accumulation of fluid in body tissues, which may cause swelling best checked in
ankles
--> sign of heart failure, kidney disease, or peripheral vascular problems
alopecia
loss of hair
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Epistaxis
nose bleed
Vertigo
dizziness
Presbycusis
normal elderly hearing loss
accommodation
adjustment of the eye for long/short distances by relaxation/contraction of the ciliary
muscles
--> bring an object close to the patient's face so the pupils converge
amblyopia
partial or complete loss of vision in one eye --> brain favors one eye
consensual reaction to light
contraction of the pupil of the FELLOW eye in consensus with the pupil of the
illuminated eye
convergence
, coordinated turning of eyes toward eachother to look at an object
direct reaction to light
constriction of a pupil when light enters through
exophthalamos
eyes bulge out of the face
nystagmus
oscillations when the eyes look sideways --> jerky eye movements
presbyopia
inability to see close (farsighted) --> age related
ptosis
drooping of lid
strabismus
cross eyed in one eye
Ascites
fluid collection in the abdomen due to liver disease
Borborgymus
hyperactive bowel sounds (rushing sounds) often occurs with diarrheal illness
Dimpling
also known as puckering; can be sign of cancer best observed with patient seated
with arms up
Guarding
voluntaring; sign of unrelaxed abdomen and muscular resistance
Mammogram
