NSG-4100 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
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HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE ESRD?
GFR <15 ML/MIN
WHAT IS THE HALLMARK SIGN OF ESRD?
UREMIA
WHAT IS UREMIA?
HIGH UREA AND OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS IN THE BLOOD
WHAT OFTEN HAPPENS WITH UREMIA?
AZOTEMIA
WHAT IS AZOTEMIA?
INCREASE IN NITROGENOUS WASTE IN BLOOD
S&S OF UREMIA
-UREMIC FROST
-WEAKNESS
-METALLIC TASTE
-MUSCLE CRAMPS
-WEIGHT LOSS
S&S OF ESRD
-UREMIA & AZOTEMIA
-ANEMIA
-BONE DISEASE
-HYPERTENSION
-HYPERVOLEMIA
-OLIGURIA/ ANURIA
-METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
-IMBALANCED ELECTROLYTES
-PERICARDITIS & PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
-UREMIC FACTOR (URINE BREATH)
-JVD
PEOPLE WITH ESRD ARE PUT ON WHAT PRECAUTIONS?
BLEEDING PRECAUTIONS
LABS FOR ESRD
-ELEVATED BUN
-ELEVATED CREATININE
-ELEVATED MG
-ELEVATED POTASSIUM
-ELEVATED PHOS
-ELEVATED SODIUM
-LOW CALCIUM
, WHAT IS THE GOAL OF TREATMENT FOR ESRD?
MAINTAIN CURRENT FUNCTION AND HOMEOSTASIS
NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR ESRD
-MONITOR FLUID STATUS (WEIGHT, EDEMA)
-RENAL DIET
-SUPPLEMENTS
-EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
-EDUCATION AND MONITORING
WHAT DOES A RENAL DIET CONSIST OF?
-REGULATE PROTEIN (WHITE MEAT, 35-45G/DAY)
-LIMIT POTASSIUM (NO BANANAS, POTATOES, GRAPEFRUIT, PUMPKIN, LEAFY
GREENS, FRUIT AND VEG JUICE)
-LIMIT PHOS (NO ORGAN MEATS, NUTS, BEANS, PORK, SEAFOOD, COLAS)
-LIMIT SODIUM (NOTHING CANNED OR PROCESSED)
-INCREASED CALCIUM (MILK YES BUT NO PROCESSED DAIRIES BC PHOS)
-LIMIT FLUID INTAKE
-NO SALT SUBSTITUTES
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO EDUCATE YOUR PATIENT ON WHEN THEY HAVE ESRD
-SIGNS OF SEPSIS
-USE OF STEROIDS
-DIALYSIS ACCESS/ CONSIDERATIONS/ COMPLICATIONS (NO LAB STICKS,
TIGHT CLOTHES OR BP ON FISTULA OR GRAFT)
WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU BEGIN TO HEAR ANY EXTRA HEART SOUNDS ON A
PATIENT WITH ESRD?
GET PT OFF FLUIDS!
WHAT WILL NOT HELP WITH THE PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH ESRD?
ANTACIDS (NO TUMS ONLY SODIUM BICARBONATE)
WHAT ARE THE THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIALYSIS?
-PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
-HEMODIALYSIS
-CRRT
WHAT HAPPENS TO LABS AND VITAL SIGNS AFTER HEMODIALYSIS?
-EVERYTHING STABILIZES AND ARE BACK IN NORMAL RANGES EXCEPT BUN
AND CREATININE
-BUN AND CREATININE LOWER SIGNIFICANTLY BUT CAN STILL NOT BE
NORMAL
WHAT ACID BASE IMBALANCE ARE PEOPLE WITH ESRD IN?
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
HOW DO DIALYSIS PATIENTS CORRECT METABOLIC ACIDOSIS?
-INCREASED BICARBONATE IN DIALYSATE FLUID
-ORAL SODIUM BICARBONATE
WHAT IS A COMPLICATION OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS?
PERITONITIS
WHAT SHOULD THE DRAINAGE LOOK LIKE FROM PERITONEAL DIALYSIS?
-CLEAR AND YELLOW
-CLOUDY IS A SIGN OF INFECTION
GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE ESRD?
GFR <15 ML/MIN
WHAT IS THE HALLMARK SIGN OF ESRD?
UREMIA
WHAT IS UREMIA?
HIGH UREA AND OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS IN THE BLOOD
WHAT OFTEN HAPPENS WITH UREMIA?
AZOTEMIA
WHAT IS AZOTEMIA?
INCREASE IN NITROGENOUS WASTE IN BLOOD
S&S OF UREMIA
-UREMIC FROST
-WEAKNESS
-METALLIC TASTE
-MUSCLE CRAMPS
-WEIGHT LOSS
S&S OF ESRD
-UREMIA & AZOTEMIA
-ANEMIA
-BONE DISEASE
-HYPERTENSION
-HYPERVOLEMIA
-OLIGURIA/ ANURIA
-METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
-IMBALANCED ELECTROLYTES
-PERICARDITIS & PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
-UREMIC FACTOR (URINE BREATH)
-JVD
PEOPLE WITH ESRD ARE PUT ON WHAT PRECAUTIONS?
BLEEDING PRECAUTIONS
LABS FOR ESRD
-ELEVATED BUN
-ELEVATED CREATININE
-ELEVATED MG
-ELEVATED POTASSIUM
-ELEVATED PHOS
-ELEVATED SODIUM
-LOW CALCIUM
, WHAT IS THE GOAL OF TREATMENT FOR ESRD?
MAINTAIN CURRENT FUNCTION AND HOMEOSTASIS
NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR ESRD
-MONITOR FLUID STATUS (WEIGHT, EDEMA)
-RENAL DIET
-SUPPLEMENTS
-EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
-EDUCATION AND MONITORING
WHAT DOES A RENAL DIET CONSIST OF?
-REGULATE PROTEIN (WHITE MEAT, 35-45G/DAY)
-LIMIT POTASSIUM (NO BANANAS, POTATOES, GRAPEFRUIT, PUMPKIN, LEAFY
GREENS, FRUIT AND VEG JUICE)
-LIMIT PHOS (NO ORGAN MEATS, NUTS, BEANS, PORK, SEAFOOD, COLAS)
-LIMIT SODIUM (NOTHING CANNED OR PROCESSED)
-INCREASED CALCIUM (MILK YES BUT NO PROCESSED DAIRIES BC PHOS)
-LIMIT FLUID INTAKE
-NO SALT SUBSTITUTES
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO EDUCATE YOUR PATIENT ON WHEN THEY HAVE ESRD
-SIGNS OF SEPSIS
-USE OF STEROIDS
-DIALYSIS ACCESS/ CONSIDERATIONS/ COMPLICATIONS (NO LAB STICKS,
TIGHT CLOTHES OR BP ON FISTULA OR GRAFT)
WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU BEGIN TO HEAR ANY EXTRA HEART SOUNDS ON A
PATIENT WITH ESRD?
GET PT OFF FLUIDS!
WHAT WILL NOT HELP WITH THE PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH ESRD?
ANTACIDS (NO TUMS ONLY SODIUM BICARBONATE)
WHAT ARE THE THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIALYSIS?
-PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
-HEMODIALYSIS
-CRRT
WHAT HAPPENS TO LABS AND VITAL SIGNS AFTER HEMODIALYSIS?
-EVERYTHING STABILIZES AND ARE BACK IN NORMAL RANGES EXCEPT BUN
AND CREATININE
-BUN AND CREATININE LOWER SIGNIFICANTLY BUT CAN STILL NOT BE
NORMAL
WHAT ACID BASE IMBALANCE ARE PEOPLE WITH ESRD IN?
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
HOW DO DIALYSIS PATIENTS CORRECT METABOLIC ACIDOSIS?
-INCREASED BICARBONATE IN DIALYSATE FLUID
-ORAL SODIUM BICARBONATE
WHAT IS A COMPLICATION OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS?
PERITONITIS
WHAT SHOULD THE DRAINAGE LOOK LIKE FROM PERITONEAL DIALYSIS?
-CLEAR AND YELLOW
-CLOUDY IS A SIGN OF INFECTION
