NSG 4100 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
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What does the adrenal gland produce?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Androgens
helps control the body’s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates;suppresses
inflammation; regulates blood pressure; increases bloodsugar; and can
also decrease bone formation
Cortisol
tells kidneys to absorb more sodium into the bloodstreamand release potassium
into the urine (regulates BP)
Aldosterone
assist ovaries produce estrogen and testes produce testosterone
Androgen
Hypo adrenal gland function
Hypoglycemia
Salt - hyponatremic and a decrease in salt, causes a decrease in VOLUME and a
decrease in BLOOD PRESSURE causes what to happen to bloodpressure
HYPERKALEMIA
Sex - A decrease in sexual hormones can allow other hormones to bemore easily seen.
Ex: a female with low estrogen, may have moretestosterone apparent - thus the facial
hair.
hyper adrenal gland
Sugar- hyperglycemic
Salt- hypernatremic and an increase in salt, causes anincrease in VOLUME and an
increase in BLOOD PRESSURE causes what to happen to blood pressure
Sex - A increase in sexual hormones may be seen
What part of the adrenal gland controls adrenaline?
Medulla
Condition characterized by the shortage (deficiency) or impairedfunction of a
hormone called aldosterone. The symptoms of thiscondition include low sodium
(hyponatremia), too muchpotassium (hyperkalemia), and a condition where the
bodyproduces too much acid (metabolic acidosis)
, Hypoaldosteronism
What is a manifestation of hypoaldosteronism?
Dark pigmentation in the mucosa and skin around joints due to high levels of ACTH that
binds to melano receptors
S/S of hypoaldosteronism
HYPOGLYCEMIA
• HYPONATREMIA
• HYPOVOLEMIA
• HYPOTENSION
• HYPERKALEMIA
How to diagnose Addisons disease
Early morning serum cortisol and plasma ACTH & abnormal labs (glucose, sodium,
potassium, WBC)
CM of Addisons disease
Decreased sodium and blood glucose (Chronic: may leadto dehydration)
• Increased potassium
• Hypotension
Increased WBC
• Muscle weakness and fatigue
• Anorexia
• Dark pigmentation: mucous membranes and skin(especially knuckles, knees,
elbows)
• Apathy: lack of interest
Treatment for Addisons disease
Corticosteroids:
- Infection control
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypertension
- Taper when weaning off. DO not suddenly stop
- Moon face, weight gain
dose adjustment during times of stress
s/s of addisonian crisis
Hypotension
Cyanosis
N/V
Shock (low volume)
Restlessness
confusion
Causes of Addisonian Crisis
Slight overexertion
, cold exposure
, acute infection
, decrease in salt,
emotional stress = lead to circulatory collapse,
GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
What does the adrenal gland produce?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Androgens
helps control the body’s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates;suppresses
inflammation; regulates blood pressure; increases bloodsugar; and can
also decrease bone formation
Cortisol
tells kidneys to absorb more sodium into the bloodstreamand release potassium
into the urine (regulates BP)
Aldosterone
assist ovaries produce estrogen and testes produce testosterone
Androgen
Hypo adrenal gland function
Hypoglycemia
Salt - hyponatremic and a decrease in salt, causes a decrease in VOLUME and a
decrease in BLOOD PRESSURE causes what to happen to bloodpressure
HYPERKALEMIA
Sex - A decrease in sexual hormones can allow other hormones to bemore easily seen.
Ex: a female with low estrogen, may have moretestosterone apparent - thus the facial
hair.
hyper adrenal gland
Sugar- hyperglycemic
Salt- hypernatremic and an increase in salt, causes anincrease in VOLUME and an
increase in BLOOD PRESSURE causes what to happen to blood pressure
Sex - A increase in sexual hormones may be seen
What part of the adrenal gland controls adrenaline?
Medulla
Condition characterized by the shortage (deficiency) or impairedfunction of a
hormone called aldosterone. The symptoms of thiscondition include low sodium
(hyponatremia), too muchpotassium (hyperkalemia), and a condition where the
bodyproduces too much acid (metabolic acidosis)
, Hypoaldosteronism
What is a manifestation of hypoaldosteronism?
Dark pigmentation in the mucosa and skin around joints due to high levels of ACTH that
binds to melano receptors
S/S of hypoaldosteronism
HYPOGLYCEMIA
• HYPONATREMIA
• HYPOVOLEMIA
• HYPOTENSION
• HYPERKALEMIA
How to diagnose Addisons disease
Early morning serum cortisol and plasma ACTH & abnormal labs (glucose, sodium,
potassium, WBC)
CM of Addisons disease
Decreased sodium and blood glucose (Chronic: may leadto dehydration)
• Increased potassium
• Hypotension
Increased WBC
• Muscle weakness and fatigue
• Anorexia
• Dark pigmentation: mucous membranes and skin(especially knuckles, knees,
elbows)
• Apathy: lack of interest
Treatment for Addisons disease
Corticosteroids:
- Infection control
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypertension
- Taper when weaning off. DO not suddenly stop
- Moon face, weight gain
dose adjustment during times of stress
s/s of addisonian crisis
Hypotension
Cyanosis
N/V
Shock (low volume)
Restlessness
confusion
Causes of Addisonian Crisis
Slight overexertion
, cold exposure
, acute infection
, decrease in salt,
emotional stress = lead to circulatory collapse,
