PSYCH 405 Exam 3 | Questions and Answers

PSYCH 405 Exam 3 | Questions and Answers To study mental acts and intentionality, Brentano used: phenomenological methods Which of the following did Wundt believe about experimental psychology: it was useless in understanding higher mental processes Georg Elias Müller was the first to demonstrate: retroactive inhibition For Titchener, a stimulus error consisted of: allowing the meaning of an object to influence one's introspective analysis of that object Describing a stimulus as visual or auditory defines the ____ of the stimulus, while describing the stimulus in terms of how loud or bright it is describes its ____. modality; intensity Külpe's technique of ____ involves giving subjects problems to solve and then asking them to report the mental operations they engage in to solve them. systematic experimental introspection Titchener defined ____ as the accumulated experiences of a lifetime the mind Which of the following philosophies most influenced Wundt? Rationalism In explaining how the elements of thought combine, Titchener emphasized: traditional associationism Titchener formed "The Experimentalists" because: he believed the APA was too friendly towards applied topics According to Wundt, empiricism lacked an appreciation of: volitional processes By plotting savings as a function of time, Ebbinghaus created psychology's first: retention curve Ebbinghaus invented nonsense material to free his research material from the influence of: prior learning Which of the following best describes Vaihinger's attitude toward "fictions"? Without them, societal living would be impossible. According to Husserl, experimental psychology: must be preceded by phenomenological analysis The central concept on Wundt's voluntarism was: Will According to the text, the most important reason for the demise of structuralism was its failure to: assimilate the doctrine of evolution Titchener defined ____ as the sum total of mental experience at any given moment. the consciousness To study the higher mental processes, Wundt believed that we must use ____. naturalistic observation of various forms Wundt's concept of mental chronometry is: an accurate cataloging of the time it took to perform various mental acts Wundt's principle of ____ states that prolonged experiences of one type cause one to seek the opposite type of experience. the development of opposites The part of the perceptual field that the individual attends to is: Apperceived From the experiment with the pendulum clock (thought meter), Wundt concluded that: experimental psychology must stress selective attention The supposed intelligent behavior of a nonhuman animal has often been found to be nothing more than the animal's responses to subtle cues (consciously or unconsciously) provided by its trainer. This observation is called the: Clever Han's phenomenon Wundt believed that schizophrenia might be explained as a breakdown of the: attentional processes According to Donders, the time it takes to perform the mental act of discrimination is determined by: subtracting simple reaction time from the reaction time that involves discrimination Wundt believed that feelings are: various combinations of three attributes Titchener defined ____ as the accumulated experiences of a lifetime. the mind For Titchener, attention is: a clearness of sensation According to Wundt, a(n) ____ occurs whenever a sense organ is stimulated and the resulting impulse reaches the brain: Sensation Ebbinghaus is often mistaken for a(n) ____, but he was in fact a(n) ____. empiricist; rationalist According to Titchener, all feelings can be explained by employing the dimension of: pleasantness-unpleasantness Wundt believed that physical and psychological causality are: polar opposites What term did Brentano use to describe the fact that every mental act refers to something outside itself? Intentionality As evidence for his views on verbal communication, Wundt pointed out that we remember ____ and not ____. meanings; specific words Wundt was a(n): Determinist According to Wundt's principle of ____, something almost always occurs during goal-directed behavior that changes the entire motivational pattern the heterogony of ends For Titchener, the ____ of psychology involved a search for the neurological correlates of mental events. Why Concerning verbal communication, Wundt referred to the unified idea that one wishes to convey as a(n): general impression Which of the following is true of Galton's "anthropometric laboratory"? He studied male-female differences as well as the relationships among measures. Who coined the term "survival of the fittest"? Spencer According to Spencer, a person will persist in behaviors that increase their likelihood of survival and abandon behaviors that do not. This phenomena is called: evolutionary associationism Which of the following did Wechsler contribute to intelligence testing? He resolved some of the psychometric issues in earlier intelligence measures The goal of the 1905 version of the Binet-Simon scale of intelligence was to: distinguish between normal and children with intellectual disabilities Who was responsible for devising the coefficient of correlation (r)? Pearson The goal of the 1908 version of the Binet-Simon scale was to: distinguish among levels of intelligence for normal children According to Spencer, the best government is one that: allows free competition among all its citizens Terman believed that those with low intelligence: could not be moral people Which of the following is most consistent with the ideas of Herrnstein and Murray's book The Bell Curve? The best jobs with the highest pay go to the intellectual elite. Which of the following did Burt believe? The "g" or general factor of intelligence was largely inherited. Yerkes believed that immigration ____. should be restricted so those with low intelligence could be refused According to Darwin, because there are many more offspring than can survive in a given environment: there is a struggle for survival One of the earliest conflicts Darwin had with organized religion was over: the age of earth Which of the following best summarizes Darwin's view of the evolutionary process? Evolution just happens In his research on hypnotism, effects that Binet believed were due to the power of a magnet were found to be due to: Suggestion When changes in one variable are usually accompanied by changes in the same direction in another variable, the variables are said to be: Correlated When Wissler evaluated Cattell's measures of intelligence he found that they: were neither highly correlated with each other nor useful in predicting college success Spencer's application of the notion of the survival of the fittest to the study of human societal behavior is known as: social Darwinism What term did Galton use for the improvement of living organisms through selective breeding? Eugenics What provided Darwin with the principle he needed to tie his many observations together? Malthus' Essay on the Principle of Population Binet conducted his first studies of intelligence on: his daughters The major conclusion from Terman's study of genius was that: gifted children became gifted adults Which of the following did Galton conclude based on his survey of the knowledge and attitudes of 200 eminent scientists? The environment, including families and schools, plays an important role in intellectual achievement The probability of a behavior is increased if it is followed with a pleasurable outcome and decreased if it is followed by painful outcome. What is this called? the Spencer-Bain principle Which of the following is correctly associated with Hollingworth? he made significant contributions toward the understanding and education of intellectually gifted children Which of the following will be most helpful to an individual's survival in a given environment? Adaptive features Spencer believed that if the principle of evolution was allowed to operate freely: all living organisms and societies would approximate perfection Galton used the concept of ____ to explain why eminent individuals only tended to have eminent offspring. regression toward the mean The concepts of mental age and the intelligence quotient were introduced by: Stern Which of the following did Darwin believe about human emotions? At one time in the course of human evolution, emotions aided in survival. When studying humans, James felt that: both a scientific and philosophical approach must be used According to James's ____, all consistently reported aspects of human experience were worthy of study. radical empiricism Münsterberg died in relative obscurity because: he tried to improve German-American relationships at a time when Americans had strong, negative feelings toward Germany According to Woodworth, an organism will act differently in the same physical environment depending on what: need or drive is present For ____, ideas causes behavior, but for ____, behavior causes ideas James; Münsterberg Which of the following statements is most closely associated with Angell? Mind and body cannot be separated; they act as a unit in an organism's struggle for survival. Thorndike's ____ stated that reinforcement strengthened behavior, whereas punishment weakened it. original law of effect In her studies of animal behavior (consciousness), Washburn's use of controlled behavior to index mental events was similar to the approach of: contemporary cognitive psychologists Dewey believed that the best way to learn is by: engaging in the activities to be learned