HEALTH AND WELLNESS - NBHWC EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS .Buy Quality Materials!
What is blood pressure?
The force of blood against artery walls as the heart pumps.
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
Systolic pressure is the force of blood in the arteries during heartbeats, while diastolic
pressure is the force between heartbeats.
According to the 2017 guidelines, which blood pressure readings are used to
diagnose hypertension?
Systolic pressure of 130 or higher, diastolic pressure of 80 or higher.
According to the 2003 guidelines, which blood pressure readings are used to
diagnose hypertension?
Systolic pressure of 140 or higher, diastolic pressure of 90 or higher.
What is fibromyalgia?
A condition that causes widespread pain, increased sensitivity to pain, and affects the
way the brain processes pain, often leading to pain and stiffness, fatigue, sleep
problems, and cognitive issues.
Why is hypertension often referred to as the "silent killer"?
Because it often has no symptoms until severe complications, such as stroke or heart
attack, occur.
What can hypertension lead to?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, heart failure, kidney damage, and other serious
health issues.
What can hypertension lead too?
Hardened arteries (arteriosclerosis), making the heart work harder, and decreased
blood flow to the heart.
What conditions or factors can lead to hypertension?
Pre-hypertension, diabetes, an unhealthy diet high in salt, physical inactivity, obesity,
high alcohol and tobacco use, genetic factors, age, and race (African American).
How is cardiovascular disease defined?
A condition that affects the heart and blood vessels, including conditions like coronary
artery disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension..
What is coronary artery disease?
A condition where plaque builds up in the walls of the coronary arteries, leading to
narrowed arteries and reduced blood flow to the heart.
What are common symptoms of a heart attack?
Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back; weakness; lightheadedness; chest pain;
shortness of breath; unusual tiredness; and nausea.
Which of the following are risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity,
high alcohol intake and tobacco use, genetic factors, older age, and race/ethnicity.
What is a stroke, and what are its symptoms?
,A stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel in
the brain bursts. Symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness, confusion, trouble
speaking, difficulty seeing, trouble walking, dizziness, and severe headache.
What are the two main types of strokes and their characteristics?
Ischemic Stroke: Occurs when blood clots or plaque block blood vessels in or to the
brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke: Occurs when a blood vessel bursts in the brain, damaging
surrounding brain tissue.
What is metabolic syndrome?
A group of 5 risk factors that raise the risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.
What are risk factors for metabolic syndrome?
Abdominal obesity, inactive lifestyle, insulin resistance, genetic factors, family history of
diabetes, having diabetes or a sibling or parent with diabetes, and being a woman,
especially with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed?
When at least three of the following five risk factors are present: Abdominal obesity,
high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol.
What are the treatment goals for metabolic syndrome?
Reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease or coronary artery disease, prevent the onset
of type 2 diabetes through lifestyle changes and medications, lower LDL cholesterol
levels, manage diabetes if present, and prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.
What is osteoarthritis?
A degenerative joint disease that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints, most
frequently occurring in the hands, hips, and knees. It is the most common form of
arthritis.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
An autoimmune and inflammatory disease that causes painful swelling in affected parts
of the body, mainly in the hands, wrists, and knees. It can also affect other tissues and
cause problems in the lungs, heart, and eyes. RA typically has flare-ups and
remissions.
What are common symptoms of fibromyalgia?
Pain and stiffness, sleep problems, fatigue, depression, anxiety, headaches, and
digestive problems.
What can cause chronic inflammation?
Excessive fatty cells secreting pro-inflammatory substances, high levels of C-reactive
protein (CRP), infection, chemical irritants, and exposure to silica.
What are the benefits of an anti-inflammatory diet?
Prevent or reduce chronic inflammation, and support overall health by lowering the risk
of conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
What is cholesterol, and why is it important?
Cholesterol is a lipid that plays a crucial role in creating hormones and digesting fatty
foods. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins.
What are the types of cholesterol, and what are their roles?
, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): Known as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can
lead to plaque buildup in arteries; HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Known as "good"
cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries.
What lifestyle changes can improve lipid profiles?
A healthy diet, regular physical activity, weight management, avoiding tobacco, and
limiting alcohol consumption.
What is diabetes, and how is it defined?
A disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal.
What are the main types of diabetes, and how are they characterized?
Type 1 Diabetes: The body does not produce insulin;
Type 2 Diabetes: The body does not use insulin properly (insulin resistance), and/or
does not produce enough insulin.
What is pre-diabetes?
A condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to
be diagnosed as diabetes, increasing the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, heart
disease, and stroke.
What are considered normal fasting blood glucose levels?
Less than 100 mg/dL
Which fasting blood glucose level range indicates prediabetes?
100-125 mg/dL
What does the A1c marker measure, and why is it significant?
It measures the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells, reflecting
average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
What are the risk factors for diabetes and pre-diabetes?
Being 45+ years old, overweight, and having a family history of diabetes
What are effective ways to prevent type 2 diabetes?
Losing 7% of body weight and engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate physical
activity weekly
What is the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP)?
A year-long program endorsed by the CDC, targeting a 5% body weight loss and 150
minutes of moderate activity weekly to prevent diabetes
What are the treatment options for managing type 1 diabetes?
Healthy eating, physical activity, and insulin injections
What health risks associated with being overweight or obese?
Heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and depression
What are effective eating patterns for health and weight loss?
Low carb, low fat, vegetarian, low glycemic, Mediterranean, DASH, and paleolithic diets
What is the MyPlate model
A food circle pie chart model depicting a plate and glass divided into five food groups
It replaced the USDA's My Pyramid guide in 2011.
What is the Healthy Eating Plate (HEP)?
A nutrition model that emphasizes whole grains, healthy proteins, a variety of
vegetables, healthy oils, water, and encourages physical activity
ANSWERS .Buy Quality Materials!
What is blood pressure?
The force of blood against artery walls as the heart pumps.
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
Systolic pressure is the force of blood in the arteries during heartbeats, while diastolic
pressure is the force between heartbeats.
According to the 2017 guidelines, which blood pressure readings are used to
diagnose hypertension?
Systolic pressure of 130 or higher, diastolic pressure of 80 or higher.
According to the 2003 guidelines, which blood pressure readings are used to
diagnose hypertension?
Systolic pressure of 140 or higher, diastolic pressure of 90 or higher.
What is fibromyalgia?
A condition that causes widespread pain, increased sensitivity to pain, and affects the
way the brain processes pain, often leading to pain and stiffness, fatigue, sleep
problems, and cognitive issues.
Why is hypertension often referred to as the "silent killer"?
Because it often has no symptoms until severe complications, such as stroke or heart
attack, occur.
What can hypertension lead to?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, heart failure, kidney damage, and other serious
health issues.
What can hypertension lead too?
Hardened arteries (arteriosclerosis), making the heart work harder, and decreased
blood flow to the heart.
What conditions or factors can lead to hypertension?
Pre-hypertension, diabetes, an unhealthy diet high in salt, physical inactivity, obesity,
high alcohol and tobacco use, genetic factors, age, and race (African American).
How is cardiovascular disease defined?
A condition that affects the heart and blood vessels, including conditions like coronary
artery disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension..
What is coronary artery disease?
A condition where plaque builds up in the walls of the coronary arteries, leading to
narrowed arteries and reduced blood flow to the heart.
What are common symptoms of a heart attack?
Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back; weakness; lightheadedness; chest pain;
shortness of breath; unusual tiredness; and nausea.
Which of the following are risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity,
high alcohol intake and tobacco use, genetic factors, older age, and race/ethnicity.
What is a stroke, and what are its symptoms?
,A stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel in
the brain bursts. Symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness, confusion, trouble
speaking, difficulty seeing, trouble walking, dizziness, and severe headache.
What are the two main types of strokes and their characteristics?
Ischemic Stroke: Occurs when blood clots or plaque block blood vessels in or to the
brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke: Occurs when a blood vessel bursts in the brain, damaging
surrounding brain tissue.
What is metabolic syndrome?
A group of 5 risk factors that raise the risk for heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.
What are risk factors for metabolic syndrome?
Abdominal obesity, inactive lifestyle, insulin resistance, genetic factors, family history of
diabetes, having diabetes or a sibling or parent with diabetes, and being a woman,
especially with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed?
When at least three of the following five risk factors are present: Abdominal obesity,
high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol.
What are the treatment goals for metabolic syndrome?
Reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease or coronary artery disease, prevent the onset
of type 2 diabetes through lifestyle changes and medications, lower LDL cholesterol
levels, manage diabetes if present, and prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.
What is osteoarthritis?
A degenerative joint disease that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints, most
frequently occurring in the hands, hips, and knees. It is the most common form of
arthritis.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
An autoimmune and inflammatory disease that causes painful swelling in affected parts
of the body, mainly in the hands, wrists, and knees. It can also affect other tissues and
cause problems in the lungs, heart, and eyes. RA typically has flare-ups and
remissions.
What are common symptoms of fibromyalgia?
Pain and stiffness, sleep problems, fatigue, depression, anxiety, headaches, and
digestive problems.
What can cause chronic inflammation?
Excessive fatty cells secreting pro-inflammatory substances, high levels of C-reactive
protein (CRP), infection, chemical irritants, and exposure to silica.
What are the benefits of an anti-inflammatory diet?
Prevent or reduce chronic inflammation, and support overall health by lowering the risk
of conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
What is cholesterol, and why is it important?
Cholesterol is a lipid that plays a crucial role in creating hormones and digesting fatty
foods. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins.
What are the types of cholesterol, and what are their roles?
, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): Known as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can
lead to plaque buildup in arteries; HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Known as "good"
cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries.
What lifestyle changes can improve lipid profiles?
A healthy diet, regular physical activity, weight management, avoiding tobacco, and
limiting alcohol consumption.
What is diabetes, and how is it defined?
A disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal.
What are the main types of diabetes, and how are they characterized?
Type 1 Diabetes: The body does not produce insulin;
Type 2 Diabetes: The body does not use insulin properly (insulin resistance), and/or
does not produce enough insulin.
What is pre-diabetes?
A condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to
be diagnosed as diabetes, increasing the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, heart
disease, and stroke.
What are considered normal fasting blood glucose levels?
Less than 100 mg/dL
Which fasting blood glucose level range indicates prediabetes?
100-125 mg/dL
What does the A1c marker measure, and why is it significant?
It measures the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells, reflecting
average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
What are the risk factors for diabetes and pre-diabetes?
Being 45+ years old, overweight, and having a family history of diabetes
What are effective ways to prevent type 2 diabetes?
Losing 7% of body weight and engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate physical
activity weekly
What is the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP)?
A year-long program endorsed by the CDC, targeting a 5% body weight loss and 150
minutes of moderate activity weekly to prevent diabetes
What are the treatment options for managing type 1 diabetes?
Healthy eating, physical activity, and insulin injections
What health risks associated with being overweight or obese?
Heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and depression
What are effective eating patterns for health and weight loss?
Low carb, low fat, vegetarian, low glycemic, Mediterranean, DASH, and paleolithic diets
What is the MyPlate model
A food circle pie chart model depicting a plate and glass divided into five food groups
It replaced the USDA's My Pyramid guide in 2011.
What is the Healthy Eating Plate (HEP)?
A nutrition model that emphasizes whole grains, healthy proteins, a variety of
vegetables, healthy oils, water, and encourages physical activity
