NSG 501 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
what is ventilation
refers to breathing in oxygen and breathing out CO2
what is perfusion
passage of blood through the circulatory system which promotes gas exchange
diffusion
passage of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
what is inspiration
the process of taking air into the lungs
expiration
the process of letting air out of the lungs
surfactant
reduced the surface tension of the alveoli- keeps the alveoli from collapsing
atelectasis
collapse of the alveoli
pulmonary circulation
circulation of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and
oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart
what are the issues with small children mostly related to
respiratory issues
,the nursing process- planning
- ask about patient's priorities and expectations related to cardiac and/ or respiratory
disease
-establish realistic, short-term outcomes that build on larger goals that improve
cardiopulmonary function
-educate the patient on the opportunities for individual, group, or telephone counseling
and identifying a social support system
nursing process- assessment
-in-depth history of a patient's normal and present cardiopulmonary function
-past impairments in circulatory or respiratory functioning
-methods that a patient uses to optimize oxygenation
-review of drug, food, and other allergies
-physical examination
-laboratory and diagnostic tests- SpO2 and EtCO2
nursing process- focused physical assessment
inspection: skin and mucous membrane color, level of consciousness (LOC), breathing
patterns, chest wall movement, general appearance, circulation
palpation: chest, feet, legs, pulses
percussion: presence of abnormal fluid or air: diaphragmatic excursion
auscultation: normal and abnormal heart and lung sounds
,which pulse gives us the most data
radial because its the furthest away from the heart
-pedal pulse is the most important in the lower extremities
what are the five areas for listening to the heart
"all people enjoy time magazine"
"ape to man"
heart sounds
tests for cardiopulmonary functioning
blood specimens
- CBC- RBCs, WBCs, Hgb, Hct, platelets, MCH,MCHC, RDW, MPV
-electrolytes- NA, K, CL, BUN, CO2, creatinine, glucose, BMP vs CMP
- radiology
- -rays, CT scans, MRI
- TB skin testing
-electrocardiogram- tests the electrical signal of the heart
-echocardiogram- uses sound from an ultrasound to see the activity of the heart
-stress test
what electrolyte has the greatest implication of cardiac function
potassium
what are some nursing diagnoses for cardiopulmonary function
, -activity intolerance
-impaired gas exchange
- risk for aspiration
- ineffective breathing pattern
-impaired tissue perfusion
-decreased cardiac output
-fatigue
-ineffective airway clearance
-ineffective health maintenance
what does ineffective breathing pattern mean- ventilation imbalance
- a state in which an individual's respiratory pattern (cycles of inhalation and exhalation)
does not enable adequate ventilation
what are some related actors of ineffective breathing pattern
- inflammatory process: viral or bacterial
-hypoxia
-neuromuscular impairments
-tracheobronchial obstruction
- perception of cognitive impairment
-anxiety
-decreased energy and fatigue
-decreased lung expansion
defining characteristics of ineffective breathing pattern
SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
what is ventilation
refers to breathing in oxygen and breathing out CO2
what is perfusion
passage of blood through the circulatory system which promotes gas exchange
diffusion
passage of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
what is inspiration
the process of taking air into the lungs
expiration
the process of letting air out of the lungs
surfactant
reduced the surface tension of the alveoli- keeps the alveoli from collapsing
atelectasis
collapse of the alveoli
pulmonary circulation
circulation of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and
oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart
what are the issues with small children mostly related to
respiratory issues
,the nursing process- planning
- ask about patient's priorities and expectations related to cardiac and/ or respiratory
disease
-establish realistic, short-term outcomes that build on larger goals that improve
cardiopulmonary function
-educate the patient on the opportunities for individual, group, or telephone counseling
and identifying a social support system
nursing process- assessment
-in-depth history of a patient's normal and present cardiopulmonary function
-past impairments in circulatory or respiratory functioning
-methods that a patient uses to optimize oxygenation
-review of drug, food, and other allergies
-physical examination
-laboratory and diagnostic tests- SpO2 and EtCO2
nursing process- focused physical assessment
inspection: skin and mucous membrane color, level of consciousness (LOC), breathing
patterns, chest wall movement, general appearance, circulation
palpation: chest, feet, legs, pulses
percussion: presence of abnormal fluid or air: diaphragmatic excursion
auscultation: normal and abnormal heart and lung sounds
,which pulse gives us the most data
radial because its the furthest away from the heart
-pedal pulse is the most important in the lower extremities
what are the five areas for listening to the heart
"all people enjoy time magazine"
"ape to man"
heart sounds
tests for cardiopulmonary functioning
blood specimens
- CBC- RBCs, WBCs, Hgb, Hct, platelets, MCH,MCHC, RDW, MPV
-electrolytes- NA, K, CL, BUN, CO2, creatinine, glucose, BMP vs CMP
- radiology
- -rays, CT scans, MRI
- TB skin testing
-electrocardiogram- tests the electrical signal of the heart
-echocardiogram- uses sound from an ultrasound to see the activity of the heart
-stress test
what electrolyte has the greatest implication of cardiac function
potassium
what are some nursing diagnoses for cardiopulmonary function
, -activity intolerance
-impaired gas exchange
- risk for aspiration
- ineffective breathing pattern
-impaired tissue perfusion
-decreased cardiac output
-fatigue
-ineffective airway clearance
-ineffective health maintenance
what does ineffective breathing pattern mean- ventilation imbalance
- a state in which an individual's respiratory pattern (cycles of inhalation and exhalation)
does not enable adequate ventilation
what are some related actors of ineffective breathing pattern
- inflammatory process: viral or bacterial
-hypoxia
-neuromuscular impairments
-tracheobronchial obstruction
- perception of cognitive impairment
-anxiety
-decreased energy and fatigue
-decreased lung expansion
defining characteristics of ineffective breathing pattern
