NSG 501 EXAM 2 MATERIAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Oxygen is
needed to sustain a life
what is needed to sustain a life
Oxygen
blood is oxygenated through
ventilation, perfusion, and transport of respiratory gases
cardiopulmonary system
Body system that includes the heart, lungs, airways, and blood vessels
what does the cardiopulmonary system do?
function to provide and deliver oxygen to the tissues and to remove carbon dioxide from
the body
neural and chemical regulators control
the rate and depth of respiration in response to changing tissue oxygen demands
the rate and depth of respiration in response to changing tissue oxygen demands
is controlled by
neural and chemical regulators
cardiovascular system provides
the transport mechanisms to distribute oxygen to cells and tissues of the body
the exchange of respiratory gases occurs between
environment and blood
,respiration is the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism
the airways of the lung transfer oxygen from
atmosphere to the alveoli, where the oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide.
through the alveolar capillary membrane, O2 transfers to the __, and CO2
transfers from the blood to the ____
blood, alveoli
cardiopulmonary physiology involves the
delivery of deoxygenated blood (blood high in CO2 and low in O2) to the right side of
the heart and then to the lungs, where it is oxygenated.
oxygenated blood (high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide) travels from the
lungs to the
left side of the heart and the tissues
Hyperventilation signs
rapid respirations, sighing breaths, numbness and tingling of hands/feet, light-
headedness, and loss of consciousness
hypoventilation signs
mental status changes, dysrhythmias, and potential cardiac arrest. If untreated, the
patient's status rapidly declines, leading to convulsions, unconsciousness, and death
Hypoxia signs
apprehension, restlessness (often an early sign), inability to concentrate, decreased
level of consciousness, dizziness, and behavioral changes
Myocardial ischemia
,can damage the cardiac muscle, thereby decreasing cardiac output, which leads to
decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
Decreased hemoglobin levels
alter the patient's ability to transport oxygen
What physical manifestations occur with alterations in oxygenation?
presence of cough and/or secretions, fatigue, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, oxygen
saturation, vital signs, and signs of respiratory infection. In addition, assess for signs of
chronic hypoxemia, such as clubbed fingers or barrel chest
common premature infant respiratory problems
respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, RSV
premature infant respiratory problems are because of
lacking surfactant
common infant/toddler respiratory problems
risk for URI, obstructions
usually recover easily
common school age children/adolescents respiratory problems
respiratory risk factors related to 2nd hand smoke exposure, obesity/bad eating habits,
tobacco/vaping
common young/middle age adults respiratory problems
risk factors- diet, lack of exercise, stress, caffeine, smoking
common pregnancy respiratory problems
significant changes to cardiorespiratory system; dyspnea on exertion, fatigue
, common older adults respiratory problems
significant changes to heart and lungs due to normal aging, flu and pneumonia risk
increased
poor nutrition effects on respiratory system
respiratory muscle wasting, muscle weakness, cough inefficiency
why does poor nutrition cause muscle wasting
Inadequate nutrition can result in a lack of essential nutrients necessary for muscle
maintenance and growth
why does poor nutrition cause muscle weakness and cough insufficiency
Insufficient intake of protein and essential nutrients can weaken muscles and therefore
weaken the diaphragm/intercostal muscles which are involved in coughing
obesity effects on respiratory system
Reduced lung volume, Reduced lung compliance, Increased risk of sleep apnea,
Increased risk of asthma
iron deficiency effects on respiratory system
poor oxygenation at the tissue level
fluid is needed for
cellular health
fluid overload effects on respiratory system
pulmonary edema, decreased lung compliance, increased work of breathing
fluid volume overload effects on body can lead to
renal or cardiac fluid overload
fluid volume deficit effects on respiratory system
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Oxygen is
needed to sustain a life
what is needed to sustain a life
Oxygen
blood is oxygenated through
ventilation, perfusion, and transport of respiratory gases
cardiopulmonary system
Body system that includes the heart, lungs, airways, and blood vessels
what does the cardiopulmonary system do?
function to provide and deliver oxygen to the tissues and to remove carbon dioxide from
the body
neural and chemical regulators control
the rate and depth of respiration in response to changing tissue oxygen demands
the rate and depth of respiration in response to changing tissue oxygen demands
is controlled by
neural and chemical regulators
cardiovascular system provides
the transport mechanisms to distribute oxygen to cells and tissues of the body
the exchange of respiratory gases occurs between
environment and blood
,respiration is the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism
the airways of the lung transfer oxygen from
atmosphere to the alveoli, where the oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide.
through the alveolar capillary membrane, O2 transfers to the __, and CO2
transfers from the blood to the ____
blood, alveoli
cardiopulmonary physiology involves the
delivery of deoxygenated blood (blood high in CO2 and low in O2) to the right side of
the heart and then to the lungs, where it is oxygenated.
oxygenated blood (high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide) travels from the
lungs to the
left side of the heart and the tissues
Hyperventilation signs
rapid respirations, sighing breaths, numbness and tingling of hands/feet, light-
headedness, and loss of consciousness
hypoventilation signs
mental status changes, dysrhythmias, and potential cardiac arrest. If untreated, the
patient's status rapidly declines, leading to convulsions, unconsciousness, and death
Hypoxia signs
apprehension, restlessness (often an early sign), inability to concentrate, decreased
level of consciousness, dizziness, and behavioral changes
Myocardial ischemia
,can damage the cardiac muscle, thereby decreasing cardiac output, which leads to
decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
Decreased hemoglobin levels
alter the patient's ability to transport oxygen
What physical manifestations occur with alterations in oxygenation?
presence of cough and/or secretions, fatigue, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, oxygen
saturation, vital signs, and signs of respiratory infection. In addition, assess for signs of
chronic hypoxemia, such as clubbed fingers or barrel chest
common premature infant respiratory problems
respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, RSV
premature infant respiratory problems are because of
lacking surfactant
common infant/toddler respiratory problems
risk for URI, obstructions
usually recover easily
common school age children/adolescents respiratory problems
respiratory risk factors related to 2nd hand smoke exposure, obesity/bad eating habits,
tobacco/vaping
common young/middle age adults respiratory problems
risk factors- diet, lack of exercise, stress, caffeine, smoking
common pregnancy respiratory problems
significant changes to cardiorespiratory system; dyspnea on exertion, fatigue
, common older adults respiratory problems
significant changes to heart and lungs due to normal aging, flu and pneumonia risk
increased
poor nutrition effects on respiratory system
respiratory muscle wasting, muscle weakness, cough inefficiency
why does poor nutrition cause muscle wasting
Inadequate nutrition can result in a lack of essential nutrients necessary for muscle
maintenance and growth
why does poor nutrition cause muscle weakness and cough insufficiency
Insufficient intake of protein and essential nutrients can weaken muscles and therefore
weaken the diaphragm/intercostal muscles which are involved in coughing
obesity effects on respiratory system
Reduced lung volume, Reduced lung compliance, Increased risk of sleep apnea,
Increased risk of asthma
iron deficiency effects on respiratory system
poor oxygenation at the tissue level
fluid is needed for
cellular health
fluid overload effects on respiratory system
pulmonary edema, decreased lung compliance, increased work of breathing
fluid volume overload effects on body can lead to
renal or cardiac fluid overload
fluid volume deficit effects on respiratory system
