2 major areas where fluid is found in the body - ANSWER -intracellular (70%)
-extracellular (30%)
osmosis - ANSWER the major method of moving fluids in cells
solvent passes through an area of less solute concentration to an area of more
solute concentration
-this is done through a semipermeable membrane
diffusion - ANSWER the passive method in which solutes move through
solvents
solvent passes through an area of less solute concentration to an area of more
solute concentration
-gases move through diffusion
active transport - ANSWER the active method of movement through a
semipermeable membrane
-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) required for movement
-used in amino acids Na+, K+, H+, Ca+
capillary filtration - ANSWER the movement of fluid: high pressure to an area
of lower pressure
-Pushing force is called hydrostatic pressure
-When pressure in the capillary is greater, fluid forced to interstitial
-capillary filtration at the arterial end
, -capillary reabsorption at the venous end
Hypovolemia - ANSWER a loss of both water & solutes
-EX: hypovolemic shock: frank blood loss
Third-space fluid shift - ANSWER distribution of fluid to compartments
-compartments include: peritoneal, interstitial, etc.
-once compartmentalized, difficult to move back to extracellular fluid
Hypervolemia - ANSWER a excess of both water & sodium
-EX: renal failure, heart failure, IV fluid excess
Sodium - ANSWER major extracellular cation
-Maintains osmotic pressure in ECF
-"water goes where salt is"
-kidneys conserve Na+ when needed
-aldosterone: conserves Na+/excretes K+
Which nursing intervention for a patient with dehydration caused by vomiting
and diarrhea needs correction?
A) initiating prescribed peripheral IV device and administering 1000mL of
0.9% NaCl with 10mEq KCl
B) providing oral fluids at the temperature the patient prefers
C) offering fluid frequently in large amounts as tolerated
D) providing antiemetics as prescribed - ANSWER C
Which organ excretes carbonic acid?
A) liver
B) lungs
C) kidneys
D) intestines - ANSWER B
The nurse is caring for an older patient who has developed phlebitis while
receiving IV therapy to restore fluid and electrolyte balance. Which action
would the nurse take? Select all that apply.
A) assess whether the IV system is intact
B) stop infusion and discontinue the IV line
C) start a new IV line in another extremity
-extracellular (30%)
osmosis - ANSWER the major method of moving fluids in cells
solvent passes through an area of less solute concentration to an area of more
solute concentration
-this is done through a semipermeable membrane
diffusion - ANSWER the passive method in which solutes move through
solvents
solvent passes through an area of less solute concentration to an area of more
solute concentration
-gases move through diffusion
active transport - ANSWER the active method of movement through a
semipermeable membrane
-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) required for movement
-used in amino acids Na+, K+, H+, Ca+
capillary filtration - ANSWER the movement of fluid: high pressure to an area
of lower pressure
-Pushing force is called hydrostatic pressure
-When pressure in the capillary is greater, fluid forced to interstitial
-capillary filtration at the arterial end
, -capillary reabsorption at the venous end
Hypovolemia - ANSWER a loss of both water & solutes
-EX: hypovolemic shock: frank blood loss
Third-space fluid shift - ANSWER distribution of fluid to compartments
-compartments include: peritoneal, interstitial, etc.
-once compartmentalized, difficult to move back to extracellular fluid
Hypervolemia - ANSWER a excess of both water & sodium
-EX: renal failure, heart failure, IV fluid excess
Sodium - ANSWER major extracellular cation
-Maintains osmotic pressure in ECF
-"water goes where salt is"
-kidneys conserve Na+ when needed
-aldosterone: conserves Na+/excretes K+
Which nursing intervention for a patient with dehydration caused by vomiting
and diarrhea needs correction?
A) initiating prescribed peripheral IV device and administering 1000mL of
0.9% NaCl with 10mEq KCl
B) providing oral fluids at the temperature the patient prefers
C) offering fluid frequently in large amounts as tolerated
D) providing antiemetics as prescribed - ANSWER C
Which organ excretes carbonic acid?
A) liver
B) lungs
C) kidneys
D) intestines - ANSWER B
The nurse is caring for an older patient who has developed phlebitis while
receiving IV therapy to restore fluid and electrolyte balance. Which action
would the nurse take? Select all that apply.
A) assess whether the IV system is intact
B) stop infusion and discontinue the IV line
C) start a new IV line in another extremity
