NUR 356 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ELABOARATIONS
PERFECT AND VERIFIED BASED ON FINAL EXAMS!!
What are some potential causes of airway obstruction?
answers: trauma, anaphylaxis, unconsciousness, head injury (HI/TBI), stroke, low
blood sugar level (BSL), cardiac arrest, drowning, aspiration, and seizures.
What are some signs indicating airway obstruction?
answers: swelling of the throat or tongue, vomiting, presence of blood, respiratory
distress, difficulty swallowing, stridor, wheezing, cyanosis, choking, apnea,
gurgling sounds, and snoring.
What nursing interventions can be implemented for specific signs of airway
obstruction?
answers: Suctioning, Oxygen therapy, Head tilt, chin lift, or use of oropharyngeal
airway (Guedel).
• For choking :Back thrusts.
• For seizures: Place the individual in the recovery position.
• For stridor: Administration of steroids such as prednisolone, dexamethasone, or
adrenaline.
What are the different airway interventions available, and when should they be
utilized?
answers: Suctioning: Utilized for removing secretions, vomit, or blood obstructing
the airway.
• Oropharyngeal airway (Guedel): Contraindicated in conscious individuals; used
during unconsciousness to maintain airway patency.
• Nasopharyngeal airway: Contraindicated in cases of skull injury.
• Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or i-gel: Utilized in advanced life support
situations.
,• Endotracheal tube (ETT): Inserted into the trachea to secure the airway in critical
situations.
What is a Bag Valve Mask , and what are its functions?
answers: A Bag Valve Mask (BVM) is a manual resuscitator device used to
provide positive pressure ventilation to patients. Its functions include:
• Administering high-flow oxygen up to 15 L/min.
• Providing Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) to prevent complete lung
deflation during expiration.
• Allowing controlled ventilation to support breathing.
What are the main differences between Advanced Life Support (ALS) and Basic
Life Support (BLS)?
answers: Advanced Life Support (ALS) involves more complex interventions,
such as manually defibrillating patients, administering specific drugs like
adrenaline and amiodarone, and managing advanced airway devices like
endotracheal tubes. In contrast, Basic Life Support (BLS) focuses on foundational
skills like chest compressions, rescue breathing, and early defibrillation using
automated external defibrillators (AEDs
How do you discriminate between the shockable and non-shockable algorithm in
advanced life support?
answers: shockable rhythms include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless
ventricular tachycardia (VT), which require defibrillation. Non-shockable rhythms
include asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA), which require CPR and
administration of medications like adrenaline.
What are the characteristics of ventricular fibrillation (VF)?
answers: Presents as chaotic electrical activity in the heart, resulting in a lack of
coordinated contractions and absence of a palpable pulse.
, What are the characteristics of ventricular tachycardia (VT)?
answers: Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) is characterized by rapid,
disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles, often leading to unconsciousness
and absence of a pulse
What are the characteristics of Asystole
answers: also known as flatline, is the absence of any electrical activity in the
heart, resulting in the absence of a palpable pulse and no cardiac output.
What are the priorities in nursing care for an intubated patient?
answers: Ensuring proper tube placement and securing, monitoring respiratory
status and ventilator settings, maintaining airway patency, providing oral care,
preventing complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, and promoting
patient comfort and safety.
What are the benefits of a Central Venous Catheter (CVC) in critically ill
patients?
answers: Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) provide direct access to large veins
near the heart, allowing for rapid administration of medications, fluids, and blood
products.
CVCs reduce the need for repeated peripheral venous access attempts, minimizing
patient discomfort and vascular complications.
What are 2 common medications used in ALS?
answers: 1. Adrenaline (Epinephrine):
• Indications: Both shockable and non-shockable rhythms.
• Dosage: 1 mg bolus (10 mL of 1:10,000) or (1 mL of 1:1000).
PERFECT AND VERIFIED BASED ON FINAL EXAMS!!
What are some potential causes of airway obstruction?
answers: trauma, anaphylaxis, unconsciousness, head injury (HI/TBI), stroke, low
blood sugar level (BSL), cardiac arrest, drowning, aspiration, and seizures.
What are some signs indicating airway obstruction?
answers: swelling of the throat or tongue, vomiting, presence of blood, respiratory
distress, difficulty swallowing, stridor, wheezing, cyanosis, choking, apnea,
gurgling sounds, and snoring.
What nursing interventions can be implemented for specific signs of airway
obstruction?
answers: Suctioning, Oxygen therapy, Head tilt, chin lift, or use of oropharyngeal
airway (Guedel).
• For choking :Back thrusts.
• For seizures: Place the individual in the recovery position.
• For stridor: Administration of steroids such as prednisolone, dexamethasone, or
adrenaline.
What are the different airway interventions available, and when should they be
utilized?
answers: Suctioning: Utilized for removing secretions, vomit, or blood obstructing
the airway.
• Oropharyngeal airway (Guedel): Contraindicated in conscious individuals; used
during unconsciousness to maintain airway patency.
• Nasopharyngeal airway: Contraindicated in cases of skull injury.
• Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or i-gel: Utilized in advanced life support
situations.
,• Endotracheal tube (ETT): Inserted into the trachea to secure the airway in critical
situations.
What is a Bag Valve Mask , and what are its functions?
answers: A Bag Valve Mask (BVM) is a manual resuscitator device used to
provide positive pressure ventilation to patients. Its functions include:
• Administering high-flow oxygen up to 15 L/min.
• Providing Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) to prevent complete lung
deflation during expiration.
• Allowing controlled ventilation to support breathing.
What are the main differences between Advanced Life Support (ALS) and Basic
Life Support (BLS)?
answers: Advanced Life Support (ALS) involves more complex interventions,
such as manually defibrillating patients, administering specific drugs like
adrenaline and amiodarone, and managing advanced airway devices like
endotracheal tubes. In contrast, Basic Life Support (BLS) focuses on foundational
skills like chest compressions, rescue breathing, and early defibrillation using
automated external defibrillators (AEDs
How do you discriminate between the shockable and non-shockable algorithm in
advanced life support?
answers: shockable rhythms include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless
ventricular tachycardia (VT), which require defibrillation. Non-shockable rhythms
include asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA), which require CPR and
administration of medications like adrenaline.
What are the characteristics of ventricular fibrillation (VF)?
answers: Presents as chaotic electrical activity in the heart, resulting in a lack of
coordinated contractions and absence of a palpable pulse.
, What are the characteristics of ventricular tachycardia (VT)?
answers: Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) is characterized by rapid,
disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles, often leading to unconsciousness
and absence of a pulse
What are the characteristics of Asystole
answers: also known as flatline, is the absence of any electrical activity in the
heart, resulting in the absence of a palpable pulse and no cardiac output.
What are the priorities in nursing care for an intubated patient?
answers: Ensuring proper tube placement and securing, monitoring respiratory
status and ventilator settings, maintaining airway patency, providing oral care,
preventing complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, and promoting
patient comfort and safety.
What are the benefits of a Central Venous Catheter (CVC) in critically ill
patients?
answers: Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) provide direct access to large veins
near the heart, allowing for rapid administration of medications, fluids, and blood
products.
CVCs reduce the need for repeated peripheral venous access attempts, minimizing
patient discomfort and vascular complications.
What are 2 common medications used in ALS?
answers: 1. Adrenaline (Epinephrine):
• Indications: Both shockable and non-shockable rhythms.
• Dosage: 1 mg bolus (10 mL of 1:10,000) or (1 mL of 1:1000).
