What is the normal electrical conduction throughout the heart?
1. SA node
2. AV node
3. Bundle of His
4. Bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers
P wave represents
atrial depolarization
QRS complex represents
ventricular depolarization
T wave represents
ventricular repolarization
Atrial kick is important, especially for HF patients because
it holds 20% of cardiac output
In what kind of patients do they lose atrial kick?
AFib and ventricular pacemaker patients
Name this rhythm.
Rate >100, regular
May be induced by exercise, fever, stress, or pain
Sinus tachycardia
Name this rhythm.
Rate <60, regular
May be induced by sleeping, hypotension, altered mental status, acute HF
,Sinus bradycardia
Treatment for sinus bradycardia includes
Meds (atropine, dopamine, epi) and pacing
Name this abnormality.
Early impulses in the atrium prior to SA node firing
Can occur in normal heart
Premature Atrial Complex (PAC)
Treatment for PAC's include
nothing, just monitor closely
Name this abnormality.
Tachycardia that originates above the ventricles
Supraventricular Tachycardia (A-Fib)
Name this abnormality.
Most common arrhythmia in the U.S.
Can change structure of the heart over time
Loss of atrial kick
AV node doesn't conduct all impulses due to tachycardia (350-450 BPM,
irregular)
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)
A-Fib risk factors include
- increasing age
- HTN
- HF
Name this arrhythmia.
, Complex is early, wide
Originates in the ventricles; retrogrades through atria
Premature Ventricular Complex (PVC)
Multifocal PVCs are more ___ to patient than unifocal PVCs.
dangerous
Assessment of potential PVC patient includes
- getting apical heart rate
- hypotension (lightheadedness, dizziness, SOB, chest pain)
- assess BMP and other electrolytes
Treatment of PVCs include
Treat cause (electrolytes, ischemia) and/or antiarrhythmics
Name this abnormality.
>150 BPM, wide, regular
Medical emergency
Ventricular tachycardia
What to do with stable patient in V-Tach
Medical emergency! Rapid Response -> Code Blue
Cardioversion, meds, treat cause (won't be stable for long)
What to do with unstable patient in V-Tach
Medical emergency! Code Blue
CPR/Defibrillation, treat cause
Some causes of V-Tach include
- ischemia
- previous MI (build up of scar tissue)
- heart disease
- electrolyte abnormality (esp potassium + magnesum)
- acid/base abnormalities (acidotic)
Name this abnormality.
1. SA node
2. AV node
3. Bundle of His
4. Bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers
P wave represents
atrial depolarization
QRS complex represents
ventricular depolarization
T wave represents
ventricular repolarization
Atrial kick is important, especially for HF patients because
it holds 20% of cardiac output
In what kind of patients do they lose atrial kick?
AFib and ventricular pacemaker patients
Name this rhythm.
Rate >100, regular
May be induced by exercise, fever, stress, or pain
Sinus tachycardia
Name this rhythm.
Rate <60, regular
May be induced by sleeping, hypotension, altered mental status, acute HF
,Sinus bradycardia
Treatment for sinus bradycardia includes
Meds (atropine, dopamine, epi) and pacing
Name this abnormality.
Early impulses in the atrium prior to SA node firing
Can occur in normal heart
Premature Atrial Complex (PAC)
Treatment for PAC's include
nothing, just monitor closely
Name this abnormality.
Tachycardia that originates above the ventricles
Supraventricular Tachycardia (A-Fib)
Name this abnormality.
Most common arrhythmia in the U.S.
Can change structure of the heart over time
Loss of atrial kick
AV node doesn't conduct all impulses due to tachycardia (350-450 BPM,
irregular)
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)
A-Fib risk factors include
- increasing age
- HTN
- HF
Name this arrhythmia.
, Complex is early, wide
Originates in the ventricles; retrogrades through atria
Premature Ventricular Complex (PVC)
Multifocal PVCs are more ___ to patient than unifocal PVCs.
dangerous
Assessment of potential PVC patient includes
- getting apical heart rate
- hypotension (lightheadedness, dizziness, SOB, chest pain)
- assess BMP and other electrolytes
Treatment of PVCs include
Treat cause (electrolytes, ischemia) and/or antiarrhythmics
Name this abnormality.
>150 BPM, wide, regular
Medical emergency
Ventricular tachycardia
What to do with stable patient in V-Tach
Medical emergency! Rapid Response -> Code Blue
Cardioversion, meds, treat cause (won't be stable for long)
What to do with unstable patient in V-Tach
Medical emergency! Code Blue
CPR/Defibrillation, treat cause
Some causes of V-Tach include
- ischemia
- previous MI (build up of scar tissue)
- heart disease
- electrolyte abnormality (esp potassium + magnesum)
- acid/base abnormalities (acidotic)
Name this abnormality.
