TEST BANK PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY
5TH EDITION By Moran |Horton |Scrimgeour
|Perry 2024
Sugars such as glucose are monomers of polysaccharides that are linked together
when covalent bonds form between one ________ groups of one sugar to the same
group on another sugar.
Group of answer choices
Amino
Ester
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl - ANSWER>>Hydroxyl
Which of the following is NOT a major class of biological macromolecules?
Group of answer choices
Proteins
Chlorophyll
sLipids
Nucleic acids - ANSWER>>Chlorophyl
The ________ projection of the ring form of a monosaccharide always shows a flat
plane with one edge projecting out of the page (using thicker lines).
Group ofz answer choices
Fischerz
Wohler
Haworth
Crick - ANSWER>>Haworth
Many biochemical reactions that form biopolymers from monomeric units involve the
removal of ________.
Group of answer choices
CO2
PO4
NH4
Water - ANSWER>>water
________ contains both phosphoester and phosphoanhydride linkages.
Group of answer choices
Ammonium
Cyanate
Urea
ATP
CCK - ANSWER>>ATP
Which statement about cellulose is FALSE?
,A) It is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature.
B) Its monomers are joined by glycosidic bonds.
C) It is present in the stems of flowering plants.
D) It is a branched polymer of glucose. - ANSWER>>D) It is a branched polymer of
glucose
Because cellulose is unbranched polymer of glucose
Genomics is concerned with the entire ________
Group of answer choices
Genome
Cell
Lipid network
Proteome - ANSWER>>genome
The essential attributes of all living things include all EXCEPT ________.
Compartmentalization
Program
Emotion
Improvisation - ANSWER>>Emotionotion
Which of the following can determine whether an enzyme is functional or not?
Group of answer choice
concentration
Size
Conformation
Volume - ANSWER>>Conformation
Which functional group is shown?
Group of answer choice
Amide
Anhydride
Primary amin
eAcyl - ANSWER>>Amide
Which linkage(s) occur extensively in nucleotides?
Group of answer choices
Amide
Ether
Phosphate este
rEster - ANSWER>>phosphate ester
The four most abundant chemical elements in living systems are ________.
Group of answer choices
Sodium, potassium, carbon and oxygen
,Hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
Sodium, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur - ANSWER>>Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and
oxygen
The chemical element of ________ has a role in both transfer of energy as well as in
the structure of nucleic acids.
Group of answer choices
Carbon
Zinc
Phosphorus
Magnesium - ANSWER>>Phosphorus
1) The water content in the human body is approximately ________.
75% - ANSWER>>75%
A large majority of proteins contain ________. - ANSWER>>sulfur
4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Proteins can be structural components of cells.
B) Proteins can transmit signals between cells.
C) Proteins can transport molecules within cells and between cells.
D) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical reactions. -
ANSWER>>D) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical
reactions.
5) Which of the following is NOT classified as a lipid?
A) Cholesterol
B) Palmitic acid
C) Glycerol
D) Phosphatidyl serine - ANSWER>>C) Glycerol
6) Which of the following organic compounds CANNOT be produced without the use of
enzymes?
A) Amino acids
B) Urea
C) Hydrogen cyanide
D) Polysaccharides - ANSWER>>D) Polysaccharides
7) ________ are the basis of many biochemical reactions and pathways.
oxidation reduction reactions - ANSWER>>oxidation reduction reactions
0) An amphipathic molecule provides the foundation for biological membranes because
they have both ________ and ________ functional groups. - ANSWER>>hyrdophilic
and hydrophobic
, Wohler showed that a chemical found only in living organisms can be made from
inorganic substances when he synthesized ________.
A) Ammonium cyanate
B) Amino acids
C) Urea
D) Uric acid - ANSWER>>urea
The lock-and-key theory described the action of ________.
enzymes
A) enzymes as keys that fit different chemicals.
B) substrates as keys that fit different enzymes.
C) enzymes as locks that fit other enzymes.
D) substrates as locks that fit different enzymes. - ANSWER>>enzymes
or
substrates as keys that fit different enzymes
Prokaryotes are valuable tools for biochemists because ________. - ANSWER>>it is
the smallest and simplest cell.
prokaryotes are valuable tools for biochemist because ___.
A) E. coli is well-studied and typical of prokaryotes
.B) they contain as many genes as eukaryotic cells
.C) many of their chromosomes are sequenced.
D) they are not very diverse organisms
.E) All of the above - ANSWER>>many other chromosomes are sequenced
21) Which cellular component carries out oxidation reactions, some of which produce
hydrogen peroxide?
A) Peroxisomes.
B) Mitochondria.
C) Chloroplasts.
D) Lysosomes.
E) Vacuoles.
A - ANSWER>>A) Peroxisomes.
Why is it important that the enzymes in lysosomes are more active at acidic pH than at
neutral pH?
A) Since lysosomes are primarily found in the stomach acid of mammals, their pH
dependence allows for maximum efficiency for the digestion of foodstuffs.
B) It prevents their diffusion out of the lysosomes.
C) It maximizes the interaction with their substrates which are always bases.
D) It prevents them from accidentally degrading the macromolecules in the cytosol
.E) It allows for regulation of their uptake by the mitochondria.
D - ANSWER>>D) It prevents them from accidentally degrading the macromolecules in
the cytosol
5TH EDITION By Moran |Horton |Scrimgeour
|Perry 2024
Sugars such as glucose are monomers of polysaccharides that are linked together
when covalent bonds form between one ________ groups of one sugar to the same
group on another sugar.
Group of answer choices
Amino
Ester
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl - ANSWER>>Hydroxyl
Which of the following is NOT a major class of biological macromolecules?
Group of answer choices
Proteins
Chlorophyll
sLipids
Nucleic acids - ANSWER>>Chlorophyl
The ________ projection of the ring form of a monosaccharide always shows a flat
plane with one edge projecting out of the page (using thicker lines).
Group ofz answer choices
Fischerz
Wohler
Haworth
Crick - ANSWER>>Haworth
Many biochemical reactions that form biopolymers from monomeric units involve the
removal of ________.
Group of answer choices
CO2
PO4
NH4
Water - ANSWER>>water
________ contains both phosphoester and phosphoanhydride linkages.
Group of answer choices
Ammonium
Cyanate
Urea
ATP
CCK - ANSWER>>ATP
Which statement about cellulose is FALSE?
,A) It is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature.
B) Its monomers are joined by glycosidic bonds.
C) It is present in the stems of flowering plants.
D) It is a branched polymer of glucose. - ANSWER>>D) It is a branched polymer of
glucose
Because cellulose is unbranched polymer of glucose
Genomics is concerned with the entire ________
Group of answer choices
Genome
Cell
Lipid network
Proteome - ANSWER>>genome
The essential attributes of all living things include all EXCEPT ________.
Compartmentalization
Program
Emotion
Improvisation - ANSWER>>Emotionotion
Which of the following can determine whether an enzyme is functional or not?
Group of answer choice
concentration
Size
Conformation
Volume - ANSWER>>Conformation
Which functional group is shown?
Group of answer choice
Amide
Anhydride
Primary amin
eAcyl - ANSWER>>Amide
Which linkage(s) occur extensively in nucleotides?
Group of answer choices
Amide
Ether
Phosphate este
rEster - ANSWER>>phosphate ester
The four most abundant chemical elements in living systems are ________.
Group of answer choices
Sodium, potassium, carbon and oxygen
,Hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
Sodium, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur - ANSWER>>Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and
oxygen
The chemical element of ________ has a role in both transfer of energy as well as in
the structure of nucleic acids.
Group of answer choices
Carbon
Zinc
Phosphorus
Magnesium - ANSWER>>Phosphorus
1) The water content in the human body is approximately ________.
75% - ANSWER>>75%
A large majority of proteins contain ________. - ANSWER>>sulfur
4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Proteins can be structural components of cells.
B) Proteins can transmit signals between cells.
C) Proteins can transport molecules within cells and between cells.
D) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical reactions. -
ANSWER>>D) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical
reactions.
5) Which of the following is NOT classified as a lipid?
A) Cholesterol
B) Palmitic acid
C) Glycerol
D) Phosphatidyl serine - ANSWER>>C) Glycerol
6) Which of the following organic compounds CANNOT be produced without the use of
enzymes?
A) Amino acids
B) Urea
C) Hydrogen cyanide
D) Polysaccharides - ANSWER>>D) Polysaccharides
7) ________ are the basis of many biochemical reactions and pathways.
oxidation reduction reactions - ANSWER>>oxidation reduction reactions
0) An amphipathic molecule provides the foundation for biological membranes because
they have both ________ and ________ functional groups. - ANSWER>>hyrdophilic
and hydrophobic
, Wohler showed that a chemical found only in living organisms can be made from
inorganic substances when he synthesized ________.
A) Ammonium cyanate
B) Amino acids
C) Urea
D) Uric acid - ANSWER>>urea
The lock-and-key theory described the action of ________.
enzymes
A) enzymes as keys that fit different chemicals.
B) substrates as keys that fit different enzymes.
C) enzymes as locks that fit other enzymes.
D) substrates as locks that fit different enzymes. - ANSWER>>enzymes
or
substrates as keys that fit different enzymes
Prokaryotes are valuable tools for biochemists because ________. - ANSWER>>it is
the smallest and simplest cell.
prokaryotes are valuable tools for biochemist because ___.
A) E. coli is well-studied and typical of prokaryotes
.B) they contain as many genes as eukaryotic cells
.C) many of their chromosomes are sequenced.
D) they are not very diverse organisms
.E) All of the above - ANSWER>>many other chromosomes are sequenced
21) Which cellular component carries out oxidation reactions, some of which produce
hydrogen peroxide?
A) Peroxisomes.
B) Mitochondria.
C) Chloroplasts.
D) Lysosomes.
E) Vacuoles.
A - ANSWER>>A) Peroxisomes.
Why is it important that the enzymes in lysosomes are more active at acidic pH than at
neutral pH?
A) Since lysosomes are primarily found in the stomach acid of mammals, their pH
dependence allows for maximum efficiency for the digestion of foodstuffs.
B) It prevents their diffusion out of the lysosomes.
C) It maximizes the interaction with their substrates which are always bases.
D) It prevents them from accidentally degrading the macromolecules in the cytosol
.E) It allows for regulation of their uptake by the mitochondria.
D - ANSWER>>D) It prevents them from accidentally degrading the macromolecules in
the cytosol
