MRCS Head & Neck Endocrine CNS
physiology Exam Questions & Answers
What is Cushing's triad? - ANSWERSHypertension + bradycardia + respiratory depression
What are the branches of the ECA? - ANSWERSSome Attendings Like Freaking Out Potential Medical
Students
Superior Thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Post auricular
Maxillary
Superior temporal
What is Trotter's triad for nasopharyngeal cancer? - ANSWERSUnilateral conductive hearing loss
Ipsilateral facial & ear pain
Ipsilateral paralysis of soft palate
Assoc. with EBV
What is a branchial arch? - ANSWERSSupport for the lateral walls of the cranial part of primitive pharynx
What are the contents of the cavernous sinus? - ANSWERSO TOM CAT
Occulomotor nerve (III)
,Trochlear nerve (IV)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Carotid artery
Abducent nerve (VI)
T
OTOM=lateral wall components
CA= components within sinus
What are the parasympathetic functions of CNIII? - ANSWERSPupillary constriction/accomodation
What are the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve? - ANSWERSLacrimal gland, submandibular
and sublingual glands
What are the parasympathetic functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve? - ANSWERSParotid
What are the parasympathetic functions of the vagus nerve? - ANSWERSHeart and viscera
Describe the course of the cranial parasympathetic fibres - ANSWERSArise from nuclei within the CNS
Synapse at the parasympathetic ganglia (otic, pterygopalatine, ciliary and submandibular)
The journey to target tissues in CNV1, V2, V3
Describe the embryology of the tongue - ANSWERSTuberculum impar develops in the floor of the
pharynx
,Two lingual swellings arise from the first branchial arch and fuse to become the anterior 2/3rds of the
tongue (CN V)
Part of the second branchial arch contributes to the anterior 2/3rds of tongue (CN VII - chorda tympani)
The posterior 1/3 of tongue develops from the third branchial arch (CN IX)
The tongue musculature is derived from migrating occipital myotomes (CN XII)
What is the primitive mouth called? - ANSWERSStomodaeum
What are the derivatives of the first pharyngeal pouch? - ANSWERSEustachian tube, middle ear, mastoid
antrum
What are the derivatives of the second pharyngeal pouch? - ANSWERSTonsillar fossa (palatine tonsil)
What are the derivatives of the third pharyngeal pouch? - ANSWERSThymus, inferior parathyroid
What are the derivatives of the fourth pharyngeal pouch? - ANSWERSSuperior parathyroid, C-cells of
thyroid
What is the nerve supply to the first branchial arch? - ANSWERSCN V
What skeletal structures are derived from the first branchial arch? - ANSWERS*Bones:*
Incus and malleus (Meckel's cartilage)
*Ligaments:*
Sphenomandibular ligament
Anterior ligament of malleus
, What muscles are derived from the first branchial arch? - ANSWERSMastication muscles
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor palati
What is the nerve supply to the second branchial arch? - ANSWERSCN VII
What skeletal structures are derived from the second branchial arch? - ANSWERS*Bones*
Stapes
Styloid process
Upper part of hyoid body + lesser cornu
*Ligaments*
Stylohyoid
What muscles are derived from the second branchial arch? - ANSWERSFacial expression
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
What is the nerve supply to the third branchial arch? - ANSWERSCN IX
What skeletal structures are derived from the third branchial arch? - ANSWERSLower part of hyoid body
+ greater cornu
What muscles are derived from the third branchial arch? - ANSWERSStylopharyngeus
physiology Exam Questions & Answers
What is Cushing's triad? - ANSWERSHypertension + bradycardia + respiratory depression
What are the branches of the ECA? - ANSWERSSome Attendings Like Freaking Out Potential Medical
Students
Superior Thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Post auricular
Maxillary
Superior temporal
What is Trotter's triad for nasopharyngeal cancer? - ANSWERSUnilateral conductive hearing loss
Ipsilateral facial & ear pain
Ipsilateral paralysis of soft palate
Assoc. with EBV
What is a branchial arch? - ANSWERSSupport for the lateral walls of the cranial part of primitive pharynx
What are the contents of the cavernous sinus? - ANSWERSO TOM CAT
Occulomotor nerve (III)
,Trochlear nerve (IV)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Carotid artery
Abducent nerve (VI)
T
OTOM=lateral wall components
CA= components within sinus
What are the parasympathetic functions of CNIII? - ANSWERSPupillary constriction/accomodation
What are the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve? - ANSWERSLacrimal gland, submandibular
and sublingual glands
What are the parasympathetic functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve? - ANSWERSParotid
What are the parasympathetic functions of the vagus nerve? - ANSWERSHeart and viscera
Describe the course of the cranial parasympathetic fibres - ANSWERSArise from nuclei within the CNS
Synapse at the parasympathetic ganglia (otic, pterygopalatine, ciliary and submandibular)
The journey to target tissues in CNV1, V2, V3
Describe the embryology of the tongue - ANSWERSTuberculum impar develops in the floor of the
pharynx
,Two lingual swellings arise from the first branchial arch and fuse to become the anterior 2/3rds of the
tongue (CN V)
Part of the second branchial arch contributes to the anterior 2/3rds of tongue (CN VII - chorda tympani)
The posterior 1/3 of tongue develops from the third branchial arch (CN IX)
The tongue musculature is derived from migrating occipital myotomes (CN XII)
What is the primitive mouth called? - ANSWERSStomodaeum
What are the derivatives of the first pharyngeal pouch? - ANSWERSEustachian tube, middle ear, mastoid
antrum
What are the derivatives of the second pharyngeal pouch? - ANSWERSTonsillar fossa (palatine tonsil)
What are the derivatives of the third pharyngeal pouch? - ANSWERSThymus, inferior parathyroid
What are the derivatives of the fourth pharyngeal pouch? - ANSWERSSuperior parathyroid, C-cells of
thyroid
What is the nerve supply to the first branchial arch? - ANSWERSCN V
What skeletal structures are derived from the first branchial arch? - ANSWERS*Bones:*
Incus and malleus (Meckel's cartilage)
*Ligaments:*
Sphenomandibular ligament
Anterior ligament of malleus
, What muscles are derived from the first branchial arch? - ANSWERSMastication muscles
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor palati
What is the nerve supply to the second branchial arch? - ANSWERSCN VII
What skeletal structures are derived from the second branchial arch? - ANSWERS*Bones*
Stapes
Styloid process
Upper part of hyoid body + lesser cornu
*Ligaments*
Stylohyoid
What muscles are derived from the second branchial arch? - ANSWERSFacial expression
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
What is the nerve supply to the third branchial arch? - ANSWERSCN IX
What skeletal structures are derived from the third branchial arch? - ANSWERSLower part of hyoid body
+ greater cornu
What muscles are derived from the third branchial arch? - ANSWERSStylopharyngeus
