MMBIO 221 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
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Multiple sclerosis
deficits in vision, speech, and neuromuscular function
bacterial endospores
Which type of microbe would be most resistant to killing by germicides
Pasteurize
exposure to 63 C for 30 minutes or 72 C for 15 seconds are recognized methods to
Efficacy of a Disinfectant
The use-dilution test and kelsey-sykes capacity test are methods designed to measure
the..
Non-ionizing radiation
has a wavelength great than 1nm, includes ultraviolet light which kills by causing
pyrimidine dimers to form in DNA, and Does not penetrate well and is only effective on
air, surfaces, and clear fluids.
Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes
Azoles (funconazole) works by causing.
Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes
Polyenes (amphotericin B) works by causing
Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes
Polymyxin, pyrazinamide and ivermectin all work by causing.
Inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
Beta-lactams (penicillins, carbapenems, and cephalosporins) do what?
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
nucleoside analogs, fluroquinolones, and clofazimine do what
Inhibits protein
Aminoglycosides and macrocodes do what
Basophil
Granules contain histamine and stain blue with methylene blue; involved in inflammation
and allergies
Eosinophil
Granules stain red to orange with the acidic dye eosin; important in resistance to larger
parasites
Lymphocyte
Agranulocyte important in adaptive immunity; exist in 3 varieties: T, B, and NK
Neutrophil
Granules stain lilac; most abundant leukocyte in circulation; a major phagocytic cell
Monocyte
Agranulocyte which eventually leaves the blood and matures into one of many different
types of macrophages
IgD
The only class which is not secreted; found only on the surface of B cells
IgA
, The major immunoglobulin in secretions; usually found as a dimer
IgE
Binds avidly to mast cells and basophils; involved in allergies
IgM
First antibody produced to a new antigen; usually found as a pentamer
IgG
The most common class of antibody in the blood; can cross the placenta
Ouchterlony test (Double immunodiffusion test)
Two wells cut in an agar plate; antigen solution is added to one, and antibody to the
other; antigen and antibody diffuse toward each other and form a line of precipitation in
the agar.
Viral neutralization test
Mix a patient's serum with a cytopathic virus, then culture the mixture using a cell line
susceptible to the virus. If no cytopathic effect is observed, we conclude the patient has
antibodies specific to the virus
Elisa
An enzyme-conjugated antibody is used to quantify either antigen or antibody; the
current blood test used to detect anti-HIV antibody in the serum of a prospective donor
is this type of assay
Hemagglutination
Blood typing is what kind of test
Adjuvants
Substances like alum or Saponin, which increase the antigenicity of an inactivated
(killed) vaccine are termed
Immunosuppressive drugs(used to prevent transplant and graft rejection)
Methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and cyclosporine are all:
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic reactions such as transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn
Type 4 Hypersensitivity
Delayed or cell-mediate; contact dermatitis like poison ivy and a positive tuberculin skin
tes
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Immediate reactions such as hay fever, asthma, urticaria, and anaphylactic shock
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
Immune complex diseases such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis, glomerulonephritis,
and rheumatoid arthritis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Causes otitis media, pneumonia, and meningitis, large polysaccharide capsule is the
main virulence factor; gram-positive cocci in pairs
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
An acid-fast pathogen; over one-third of the world's population is infected; primary,
secondary, and disseminated forms of disease; MDR, XDR, and DOTS apply to this
organism
Staphylococcus Aureus
Causes impetigo, boils, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome;
protein A and coagulase are virulence factors; gram-positive cocci in irregular clusters
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Multiple sclerosis
deficits in vision, speech, and neuromuscular function
bacterial endospores
Which type of microbe would be most resistant to killing by germicides
Pasteurize
exposure to 63 C for 30 minutes or 72 C for 15 seconds are recognized methods to
Efficacy of a Disinfectant
The use-dilution test and kelsey-sykes capacity test are methods designed to measure
the..
Non-ionizing radiation
has a wavelength great than 1nm, includes ultraviolet light which kills by causing
pyrimidine dimers to form in DNA, and Does not penetrate well and is only effective on
air, surfaces, and clear fluids.
Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes
Azoles (funconazole) works by causing.
Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes
Polyenes (amphotericin B) works by causing
Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes
Polymyxin, pyrazinamide and ivermectin all work by causing.
Inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
Beta-lactams (penicillins, carbapenems, and cephalosporins) do what?
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
nucleoside analogs, fluroquinolones, and clofazimine do what
Inhibits protein
Aminoglycosides and macrocodes do what
Basophil
Granules contain histamine and stain blue with methylene blue; involved in inflammation
and allergies
Eosinophil
Granules stain red to orange with the acidic dye eosin; important in resistance to larger
parasites
Lymphocyte
Agranulocyte important in adaptive immunity; exist in 3 varieties: T, B, and NK
Neutrophil
Granules stain lilac; most abundant leukocyte in circulation; a major phagocytic cell
Monocyte
Agranulocyte which eventually leaves the blood and matures into one of many different
types of macrophages
IgD
The only class which is not secreted; found only on the surface of B cells
IgA
, The major immunoglobulin in secretions; usually found as a dimer
IgE
Binds avidly to mast cells and basophils; involved in allergies
IgM
First antibody produced to a new antigen; usually found as a pentamer
IgG
The most common class of antibody in the blood; can cross the placenta
Ouchterlony test (Double immunodiffusion test)
Two wells cut in an agar plate; antigen solution is added to one, and antibody to the
other; antigen and antibody diffuse toward each other and form a line of precipitation in
the agar.
Viral neutralization test
Mix a patient's serum with a cytopathic virus, then culture the mixture using a cell line
susceptible to the virus. If no cytopathic effect is observed, we conclude the patient has
antibodies specific to the virus
Elisa
An enzyme-conjugated antibody is used to quantify either antigen or antibody; the
current blood test used to detect anti-HIV antibody in the serum of a prospective donor
is this type of assay
Hemagglutination
Blood typing is what kind of test
Adjuvants
Substances like alum or Saponin, which increase the antigenicity of an inactivated
(killed) vaccine are termed
Immunosuppressive drugs(used to prevent transplant and graft rejection)
Methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and cyclosporine are all:
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic reactions such as transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn
Type 4 Hypersensitivity
Delayed or cell-mediate; contact dermatitis like poison ivy and a positive tuberculin skin
tes
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Immediate reactions such as hay fever, asthma, urticaria, and anaphylactic shock
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
Immune complex diseases such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis, glomerulonephritis,
and rheumatoid arthritis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Causes otitis media, pneumonia, and meningitis, large polysaccharide capsule is the
main virulence factor; gram-positive cocci in pairs
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
An acid-fast pathogen; over one-third of the world's population is infected; primary,
secondary, and disseminated forms of disease; MDR, XDR, and DOTS apply to this
organism
Staphylococcus Aureus
Causes impetigo, boils, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome;
protein A and coagulase are virulence factors; gram-positive cocci in irregular clusters
