MMBIO 221 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
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Plasmolysis
contraction of plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
Crenation
shrinkage of animal cell as a result of loss of water
Chemoheterotroph
energy source and carbon source
Axial filaments
motility in spirochetes
What is a glycocalyx composed of?
Polysaccharides
What are the two categories of fungi?
Molds(multicellular) and yeasts(unicellular)
What are examples of fungal diseases?
Ringworm
yeast infections
coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis(spelunker's disease)
Pneumocystis pneumonia
What are fungal cell walls composed of?
Chitin
T/F: Fungi are classified by type of sexual spore they produce
True
Are protozoa single celled or multicellular?
Single-celled eukaryotes(their nucleus is enclosed by a membrane which makes them
eukaryotic)
Where do protozoa usually live?
Inside animal host or freely in water
How are protozoa classified?
mechanism of motility(pseudopodia, cilia, and flagella)
pseudopodia
cell extensions that flow in direction of travel
Cilia
short, hair-like protrusions that propel organisms through environment
Flagella
long extensions of a cell that are like a whip and move in a counter-clockwise direction
T/F: Algae is only multicellular
False. There are unicellular and multicellular Algae
In what cases are algae pathogenic?
red tides and shellfish poisoning
How are Algae categorized?
pigmentation, storage products, and composition of cell wall
, What are 3 types of microorganisms?
Protozoa, Fungi, algae
What is the glycocalyx composed of?
polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both
What are the 2 types of glycocalyx?
Capsule and slime layer
What is the capsule composed of?
organized repeating units of organic chemicals and polysaccharides
What does the slime layer do?
Protects the cell from drying out, and allows prokaryotes to attach to surfaces
T/F: the filament in a flagella only moves side to side like a whip
False. Filaments rotate at 360 degrees
What are Flagella composed of?
rigid protein helices
What anchors flagella to the cell wall?
basal body
What is the bacterial cell wall composed of?
Peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids, lipopolysaccharides, tetrapeptide cross-links
containing both D and L acids
What type of bacteria lack a cell wall?
Mycoplasma
What do gram negative bacterial cell walls have?
lipopolysaccharides(LPS), lipid A, peptidoglycan
What color do gram positive and negative cells stain after an acid fast stain?
blue
What is symport?
Transport of two molecules in the same direction
What type of dye does a confocal microscope use?
fluorescent dyes
What type of organisms can you look at with a phase microscope?
living organisms
T/F: Scanning electron microscopes produce 2D images
False. They produce 3D images
Empty magnification is...
magnification without increasing detail
What is the monomer of proteins?
amino acids
What do Enzymes act upon?
substrates
What does catalase do?
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
What does peroxidase do?
converts peroxide to water and NAD
What does superoxide dismutase do?
converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide
When does the intermediate step occur in metabolism?
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Plasmolysis
contraction of plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
Crenation
shrinkage of animal cell as a result of loss of water
Chemoheterotroph
energy source and carbon source
Axial filaments
motility in spirochetes
What is a glycocalyx composed of?
Polysaccharides
What are the two categories of fungi?
Molds(multicellular) and yeasts(unicellular)
What are examples of fungal diseases?
Ringworm
yeast infections
coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis(spelunker's disease)
Pneumocystis pneumonia
What are fungal cell walls composed of?
Chitin
T/F: Fungi are classified by type of sexual spore they produce
True
Are protozoa single celled or multicellular?
Single-celled eukaryotes(their nucleus is enclosed by a membrane which makes them
eukaryotic)
Where do protozoa usually live?
Inside animal host or freely in water
How are protozoa classified?
mechanism of motility(pseudopodia, cilia, and flagella)
pseudopodia
cell extensions that flow in direction of travel
Cilia
short, hair-like protrusions that propel organisms through environment
Flagella
long extensions of a cell that are like a whip and move in a counter-clockwise direction
T/F: Algae is only multicellular
False. There are unicellular and multicellular Algae
In what cases are algae pathogenic?
red tides and shellfish poisoning
How are Algae categorized?
pigmentation, storage products, and composition of cell wall
, What are 3 types of microorganisms?
Protozoa, Fungi, algae
What is the glycocalyx composed of?
polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both
What are the 2 types of glycocalyx?
Capsule and slime layer
What is the capsule composed of?
organized repeating units of organic chemicals and polysaccharides
What does the slime layer do?
Protects the cell from drying out, and allows prokaryotes to attach to surfaces
T/F: the filament in a flagella only moves side to side like a whip
False. Filaments rotate at 360 degrees
What are Flagella composed of?
rigid protein helices
What anchors flagella to the cell wall?
basal body
What is the bacterial cell wall composed of?
Peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids, lipopolysaccharides, tetrapeptide cross-links
containing both D and L acids
What type of bacteria lack a cell wall?
Mycoplasma
What do gram negative bacterial cell walls have?
lipopolysaccharides(LPS), lipid A, peptidoglycan
What color do gram positive and negative cells stain after an acid fast stain?
blue
What is symport?
Transport of two molecules in the same direction
What type of dye does a confocal microscope use?
fluorescent dyes
What type of organisms can you look at with a phase microscope?
living organisms
T/F: Scanning electron microscopes produce 2D images
False. They produce 3D images
Empty magnification is...
magnification without increasing detail
What is the monomer of proteins?
amino acids
What do Enzymes act upon?
substrates
What does catalase do?
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
What does peroxidase do?
converts peroxide to water and NAD
What does superoxide dismutase do?
converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide
When does the intermediate step occur in metabolism?
